TY - JOUR T1 - Testing germination methods and survival for a rare endemic, Barton’s raspberry (<em>Rubus bartonianus</em>) JF - Native Plants Journal JO - NATIVE PLANTS JOURNAL SP - 244 LP - 251 DO - 10.3368/npj.20.3.244 VL - 20 IS - 3 AU - Erin C Gray AU - Matt A Bahm AU - Roger Ferriel AU - Thomas N Kaye Y1 - 2019/09/21 UR - http://npj.uwpress.org/content/20/3/244.abstract N2 - Barton’s raspberry (Rubus bartonianus M. Peck [Rosaceae]) is a narrow endemic of Oregon and Idaho found in the middle sections of Hells Canyon along the Snake River and its tributaries. The global distribution has decreased by approximately 24%, so germination and propagation techniques need to be developed for reintroduction purposes. We test 4 scarification treatments (control/none, mechanical scarification, bleach, sulfuric acid) and 3 cold stratification treatments (60, 90, and 120 d) in combination to determine the most effective method to improve germination and survival of Barton’s raspberry. Germination and survival are relatively high for all treatments, with the exception of mechanical scarification. Most treatments (control, bleach, and sulfuric acid) had &gt; 64% germination after 60 d in cold stratification, whereas the mechanical treatment was 35%. The longer stratification treatments increased germination rates to &gt; 80% for the sulfuric acid treatment and &gt; 73% for the bleach treatment. The control treatment remained &gt; 60% in the longer stratification treatments, whereas the mechanical treatment was &lt; 43%. The high rates of germination for the sulfuric acid and bleach treatments can improve germination and survival when attempting to grow Barton’s raspberry from seed for reintroduction in its historic range. ER -