RT Journal Article SR Electronic T1 What are the best seed sources for ecosystem restoration on BLM and USFS lands? JF Native Plants Journal JO NATIVE PLANTS JOURNAL FD University of Wisconsin Press SP 117 OP 131 DO 10.2979/NPJ.2010.11.2.117 VO 11 IS 2 A1 Randy Johnson A1 Larry Stritch A1 Peggy Olwell A1 Scott Lambert A1 Matthew E Horning A1 Richard Cronn YR 2010 UL http://npj.uwpress.org/content/11/2/117.abstract AB Native plant restoration policy calls for use of “genetically appropriate” native plant material on USDI Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and USDA Forest Service (USFS) lands. In this article, we summarize experimental evidence showing that local adaptation is widespread in all kingdoms of life, and how this “home-field advantage” has been exploited in forest restoration activities to develop and promote regionally adapted, genetically diverse restoration materials. The importance of such materials is highlighted in the context of changing environmental conditions, such as those predicted in future climate change scenarios. Although the adaptive properties of most restoration species remains unexamined, numerous tools exist for identifying similar environments and ecosystems, and these can be used to develop first-generation seed zones. Finally, general recommendations for establishing foundation populations are outlined so that pre-adapted populations retain sufficient genetic diversity to acclimate to new evolutionary challenges, while minimizing the likelihood of deleterious genetic outcomes (for example, inadvertent selection of undesirable traits; inbreeding depression).