Seed treatment protocols for Hispaniolan pine (Pinus occidentalis Swartz [Pinaceae])

REFERENCES

1. ↵
   1. Agarwal VK,
   2. Sinclair JB

   . 1997. Principles of seed pathology. 2nd ed. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Lewis Publishers. 560 p.
2. ↵
   [AASCO] Association of American Seed Control Officials. 2006. Handbook on seed sampling. WR Guerke, editor. Las Cruces (NM): Association of American Seed Control Officials. 41 p.
3. ↵
   1. Barnett JP

   . 1976. Delayed germination of southern pine seeds related to seed coat restraint. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 6:504–510.

   OpenUrl
4. ↵
   1. Barnett JP

   . 2008. Relating seed treatments to nursery performance: experience with southern pines. In: Dumroese RK, Riley LE, technical coordinators. National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations — 2007. Fort Collins (CO): USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Proceedings RMRS-P-57. p 27–37.
5. ↵
   1. Barnett JP,
   2. Jones JP

   . 1993. Response of longleaf pine seeds to storage conditions and pregermination treatments. Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 17(4):174–179.

   OpenUrl
6. ↵
   1. Baskin CC,
   2. Baskin JM

   . 2014. Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, Academic Press. 1586 p.
7. ↵
   1. Bewley JD,
   2. Black M

   . 1985. Seeds: physiology of development and germination. New York (NY): Plenum Press. 367 p.
8. ↵
   1. Carpita NC,
   2. Skaria A,
   3. Barnett JP,
   4. Dunlap JR

   . 1983. Cold stratification and growth of radicles of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) embryos. Physiologia Plantarum 59:601–606.

   OpenUrl
9. ↵
   1. Cram MM

   . 2017. Damping-off in tree nurseries. In: Pscheidt JW, Ocamb CM, senior editors. Pacific Northwest plant disease management handbook [online]. Corvallis (OR): Oregon State University. URL: https://pnwhandbooks.org/plantdisease/pathogen-articles/common/fungi/damping-tree-nurseries (accessed 5 Feb 2018).
10. ↵
    1. Cram MM,
    2. Fraedrich SW

    . 2009. Seed diseases and seedborne pathogens of North America. Tree Planters’ Notes 53(2):35–44.

    OpenUrl
11. ↵
    1. Donald DGM

    . 1981. Dormancy control in Pinus patula seed. South African Forestry Journal 118:14–19.

    OpenUrl
12. ↵
    1. Downie B,
    2. Coleman J,
    3. Scheer G,
    4. Wang BSP,
    5. Jensen M,
    6. Dhir N

    . 1998. Alleviation of seed dormancy in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench.) Voss.) is dependent on the degree of seed hydration. Seed Science and Technology 26:555–569.

    OpenUrl
13. ↵
    1. Dumroese RK

    . 2000. Germination-enhancing techniques for Pinus monticola seeds and speculation on seed dormancy. Seed Science and Technology 28:201–209.

    OpenUrl
14. ↵
    1. Dumroese RK,
    2. James RL,
    3. Wenny DL,
    4. Gilligan CJ

    . 1988. Douglas-fir seed treatments: effects on seed germination and seedborne organisms. In: Landis TD, editor. Western Forest Nursery Council, Intermountain Nursery Association, and Forest Nursery Association of British Columbia; 1988 August 8–11; Vernon, British Columbia. General Technical Report RM-167. Fort Collins (CO): USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. p 155–160.
15. ↵
    1. Elias SG,
    2. Copeland LO,
    3. McDonald MB,
    4. Baakbaki RZ

    . 2012. Seed testing: principles and practices. East Lansing (MI): Michigan State University Press. 354 p.
16. ↵
    1. Ghosh RC,
    2. Singh RP,
    3. Sharma KK

    . 1974. Standardization of nursery techniques of tropical pines. I. Hastening germination of Pinus caribaea (var. hondurensis) and Pinus patula seeds. Indian Forester 100(7):407–421.

    OpenUrl
17. ↵
    1. Gosling PG

    . 1998. The effect of moist chilling on the subsequent germination of some temperate conifer seeds over a range of temperatures. Journal of Seed Technology 1:90–98.

    OpenUrl
18. ↵
    1. Haase DL,
    2. Davis AS

    . 2017. Developing and supporting quality nursery facilities and staff are necessary to meet global forest and landscape restoration needs. Reforesta 4:69–93.

    OpenUrl
19. ↵
    1. Himanen K,
    2. Lilja A,
    3. Rytkonen A,
    4. Nygren M

    . 2013. Soaking effects on seed germination and fungal infection of Picea abies. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 28:1–7.

    OpenUrl
20. ↵
    1. Hubbel KL,
    2. Ross-Davis AL,
    3. Pinto JR,
    4. Burney OT,
    5. Davis AS

    . 2018. Toward sustainable cultivation of Pinus occidentalis Swartz in Haiti: effects of alternative growing media and containers on seedling growth and foliar chemistry. Forests 9(7):422. doi:10.3390/f9070422

    OpenUrlCrossRef
21. ↵
    International Plant Names Index. 2021. Online database. Hosted by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. URL: https://www.ipni.org.
22. ↵
    [ISTA] International Seed Testing Association. 2018. International rules for seed testing. Bassersdorf, Switzerland: ISTA.
23. ↵
    1. James RL

    . 1987. Effects of water rinse treatments on occurrence of fungi on spruce seed from the Towner Nursery, North Dakota. Report 87-5. Missoula (MT): USDA Forest Service, Northern Region. 4 p.
24. ↵
    1. James RL,
    2. Genz D

    . 1981. Ponderosa pine seed treatments: effects on seed germination and disease incidence. Report 81-16. Missoula (MT): USDA Forest Service, Northern Region. 13 p.
25. ↵
    1. Jones SK,
    2. Gosling PG

    . 1994. “Target moisture concept” prechill overcomes the dormancy of temperate conifer seeds. New Forests 8:309–321.

    OpenUrl
26. ↵
    1. Kolotelo D,
    2. Steenis EV,
    3. Peterson M,
    4. Bennett R,
    5. Trotter D,
    6. Dennis J

    . 2001. Seed handling guidebook. Victoria (BC): Ministry of Forests, Tree Improvement Branch. 106 p.
27. ↵
    1. Krugman SL,
    2. Jenkinson JL

    . 2008. Pinus L. In: Bonner FT, Karrfalt RP, editors. The woody plant seed manual. Agriculture Handbook 727. Washington (DC): USDA Forest Service. p 809–847.
28. ↵
    1. Landis TD,
    2. Tinus RW,
    3. Barnett JP

    . 1998. The container tree nursery manual. Volume 6: seedling propagation. Agriculture Handbook 674. Washington (DC): USDA Forest Service. 166 p.
29. ↵
    1. Lilja A,
    2. Hallaksella AM,
    3. Heinonen R

    . 1995. Fungi colonizing Scots-pine cone scales and seeds and their pathogenicity. European Journal of Forest Pathology 25(1):38–46.

    OpenUrl
30. ↵
    1. Littke W

    . 1996. Seed pathogens and seed treatments. In: Landis TD, South DB, technical coordinators. National Proceedings, Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-389. Portland (OR): USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. p 187–191.
31. ↵
    1. Mancini V,
    2. Murolo S,
    3. Romanazzi G

    . 2016. Diagnostic methods for detecting fungal pathogens on vegetable seeds. Plant Pathology 65(5):691–703.

    OpenUrl
32. ↵
    1. Martinez-Honduvilla CJ,
    2. Santos-Ruiz A

    . 1978. Germination inhibitors in the pine seed coat. Planta 141:141–144.

    OpenUrlPubMed
33. ↵
    1. Maude RB

    . 1996. Seedborne diseases and their control: principles and practices. Cambridge (UK): CAB International. 280 p.
34. ↵
    1. Mexal JG,
    2. Fisher JT

    . 1987. Size hierarchy in conifer seedbeds. I. Time of emergence. New Forests 3:187–196.

    OpenUrl
35. ↵
    1. Mittal RK,
    2. Wang BSP

    . 1993. Effects of some seed-borne fungi on Picea glauca and Pinus strobus seeds. European Journal of Forest Pathology 23:138–146.

    OpenUrl
36. ↵
    1. Moreno R

    . 1985. Do southern pine species benefit from cold stratification? In: South DB, editor. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Nursery Management Practices for the Southern Pines; 1985 August 4–9; Montgomery, AL. In cooperation with Auburn University, Southern Forest Nursery Management Cooperative, MacMillan Bloedell Inc, Alabama Forestry Association, and USDA, Forest Service. p 113–117.
37. ↵
    1. Perry KK

    . 2020. For politics, people, or the planet? The political economy of fossil fuel reform, energy dependence and climate policy in Haiti. Energy Research & Social Science 63:101397.

    OpenUrl
38. ↵
    1. Posner S,
    2. Michel GA,
    3. Toussaint JR

    . 2010. 118/119 Haiti biodiversity and tropical forest assessment. Washington (DC): USDA Forest Service/International Forestry for USAID/Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean. 88 p.
39. ↵
    1. Rees AA

    . 1983. Tropical tree seed pathology with particular reference to the Pinus species of Central America [PhD thesis]. University of Surrey.
40. ↵
    1. Rees AA,
    2. Phillips DH

    . 1994. Detection, presence and control of seed-borne pests and diseases of trees. Technical Note No. 28. Humlebaek, Denmark: Danida Forest Seed Centre. 16 p.
41. ↵
    1. Talgo V,
    2. Brodal G,
    3. Klemsdal SS,
    4. Stensvard A

    . 2010. Seed borne fungi on Abies spp. Seed Science & Technology 38:477–493.

    OpenUrl
42. ↵
    1. Vertucci CW,
    2. Leopold AC

    . 1986. Physiological activities associated with hydration level in seeds. In: Leopold AC, editor. Membranes, metabolism and dry organisms. Ithaca (NY): Cornell University Press. p 35–49.
43. ↵
    1. Vozzo JA

    . 2002. Tropical tree seed manual. Washington (DC): USDA Forest Service. 874 p.
44. ↵
    1. Wenny DL,
    2. Dumroese RK

    . 1987. Germination of conifer seeds surface-sterilized with bleach. Tree Planters’ Notes 38(3):18–21.

    OpenUrl
45. ↵
    1. Woodstock LW

    . 1988. Seed imbibition: a critical period for successful germination. Journal of Seed Technology 1:1–15.

    OpenUrl