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Research ArticleGeneral Technical

Growing the state endemic, Oregon semaphoregrass (Pleuropogon oregonus)

Focus on a successful propagation and introduction program on Burns Paiute Tribal lands

Stella M Copeland, Carter G Crouch, Brandon J Palmer, Erik P Hamerlynck, Lori L Ziegenhagen and Jordan Brown
Native Plants Journal, March 2023, 24 (1) 62-71; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.24.1.62
Stella M Copeland
USDA Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720
Roles: Research Ecologist
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  • For correspondence: stella.copeland{at}usda.gov
Carter G Crouch
Burns Paiute Tribe Natural Resources Department, 100 Pasigo Street, Burns, OR 97720
International Crane Foundation, 1919 Hwy 35 N, #610, Rockport, TX 78382
Roles: Former Wildlife Program Manager, currently Director of Gulf Coast Programs
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  • For correspondence: cartergcrouch{at}gmail.com
Brandon J Palmer
Burns Paiute Tribe Natural Resources Department, 100 Pasigo Street, Burns, OR 97720
Roles: Wildlife Program Manager
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  • For correspondence: brandon.palmer{at}burnspaiute-nsn.gov
Erik P Hamerlynck
USDA Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720
Roles: Research Ecologist
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  • For correspondence: erik.hamerlynck{at}usda.gov
Lori L Ziegenhagen
USDA Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Oregon Agricultural Research Center, 67826-A Hwy 205, Burns, OR 97720
Roles: Range Technician
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  • For correspondence: lori.ziegenhagen{at}usda.gov
Jordan Brown
Oregon Department of Agriculture Native Plant, Conservation Program, 635 Capital Street NE, Salem, OR 97301
Roles: Program Lead Conservation Biologist
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  • For correspondence: jordan.a.brown{at}oda.oregon.gov
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    Introduced Oregon semaphoregrass (Pleuropogon oregonus Chase [Poaceae]) in a monitoring plot on Burns Paiute Tribe land in Logan Valley, eastern Oregon, in May 2021. Photo by Stella Copeland

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    Figure 1.

    The rare grass P. oregonus flowering in June 2022 from material propagated for introduction at the Burns Paiute Tribe Natural Resources (BPT DNR) greenhouse. Photo by Lori Ziegenhagen

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    Figure 2.

    A >10-y-old patch of introduced P. oregonus in flower in June 2022 (center of the photo, outlined in white: one-sided inflorescences) on Burns Paiute Tribe land in Logan Valley, eastern Oregon. Photo by Stella Copeland

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    Figure 3.

    Pleuropogon oregonus seeds (caryopses; scale is mm). Photo by Lori Ziegenhagen

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    Figure 4.

    Clonal expansion over several months from 14 January to 27 October 2019 in 2 tubs of P. oregonus at the BPT DNR greenhouse in Burns, Oregon. Photos by Carter Crouch

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    Figure 5.

    Clonal expansion from wild-collected tillers after 1 growing season in tubs located in greenhouses and outside the Burns Paiute Tribe Natural Resources Office. Note that tiller counts are approximate, as some tillers are lost when digging up and splitting clumps at collection and planting. Original tillers tend to senesce within months of planting, meaning that tillers counted after 1 y are likely to be new tillers. This means that the final number of tillers were 15.2, 14.3, and 14.0 times the original planted tillers for the 2018, 2019, and 2020 collection years, respectively.

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    Figure 6.

    Smaller clump of P. oregonus with most of the potting soil rinsed out. Note that the red stems are below the soil surface in grow-out conditions, and transplant clumps should be planted with the red stems buried. Photo by Carter Crouch

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    Figure 7.

    Smaller clumps of P. oregonus bagged up and ready to be placed in a cooler for transplant. Placing the clumps in a bag facing the same way limits damage to the vegetation and allows for more accurate counting of tillers while planting. Photo by Carter Crouch

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    Figure 8.

    Watering planted P. oregonus tiller clumps. Bright green tillers are P. oregonus while the dried vegetation is an unplanted Carex species. Plots are placed in areas with some bare ground, but this plot has more bare ground than most plots. Volunteers and staff try to space out clumps and tillers across the plot. PVC is added to corners to aid in future monitoring. Photo by Thomas Gilg

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    TABLE 1

    Mean climate annual and seasonal temperature and precipitation for weather stations near the natural population clusters in Lakeview (Lake County) and Union (Union County), introduced location area in Logan Valley, and propagation locations in Burns and Corvallis, Oregon (station codes listed, US Climate Normals, 1991–2020, NCEI, NOAA, 2022).

    Lakeview USC00354670Union USC00358746Logan Valley (Seneca) USC00357675Burns Airport USW00094185Corvallis OSU USC00351862
    Temperature °C (°F)Annual8.3 (47.0)9.4 (49.0)4.7 (40.5)7.8 (46.0)11.6 (52.9)
    Winter−0.6 (30.9)0.8 (33.4)−4.1 (24.6)−2.3 (27.8)5.2 (41.4)
    Spring6.8 (44.3)8.7 (47.6)4.2 (39.6)7.3 (45.1)10.6 (51.0)
    Summer18.3 (65.0)18.8 (65.8)14.1 (57.3)18.3 (64.9)18.6 (65.4)
    Fall8.9 (48.0)9.6 (49.2)4.7 (40.5)7.8 (46.0)12.2 (54.0)
    Precipitation mm (in)Annual366.3 (14.4)374.9 (14.8)347.2 (13.7)264.4 (10.4)1093.2 (43.0)
    Winter141.0 (5.6)84.8 (3.3)112.0 (4.4)96.5 (3.8)481.8 (19.0)
    Spring109.0 (4.3)137.4 (5.4)104.6 (4.1)80.5 (3.2)268.0 (10.6)
    Summer34.0 (1.3)137.4 (2.6)53.3 (2.1)32.3 (1.3)52.6 (2.1)
    Fall82.3 (3.2)85.9 (3.4)77.2 (3.0)55.1 (2.2)290.8 (11.5)
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Native Plants Journal: 24 (1)
Native Plants Journal
Vol. 24, Issue 1
20 Mar 2023
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Growing the state endemic, Oregon semaphoregrass (Pleuropogon oregonus)
Stella M Copeland, Carter G Crouch, Brandon J Palmer, Erik P Hamerlynck, Lori L Ziegenhagen, Jordan Brown
Native Plants Journal Mar 2023, 24 (1) 62-71; DOI: 10.3368/npj.24.1.62

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Growing the state endemic, Oregon semaphoregrass (Pleuropogon oregonus)
Stella M Copeland, Carter G Crouch, Brandon J Palmer, Erik P Hamerlynck, Lori L Ziegenhagen, Jordan Brown
Native Plants Journal Mar 2023, 24 (1) 62-71; DOI: 10.3368/npj.24.1.62
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  • Article
    • Abstract
    • HISTORY OF PROPAGATION AND INTRODUCTION EFFORTS
    • COLLECTION TIMING AND METHODS
    • PROPAGATION METHODS
    • CONTROLLING PESTS AND WEEDS
    • PLANTING MATERIAL INCREASE
    • PLANTING METHODS
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Keywords

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  • Poaceae
  • USDA NRCS (2022)
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