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Research ArticleRefereed Research

Scarification and pre-chilling requirements for germination of the native forb Utah trefoil (Lotus utahensis Ottley)

Thomas A Jones, B Shaun Bushman, R Trapper Crockett and Kyle C Forsyth
Native Plants Journal, June 2022, 23 (2) 148-155; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.23.2.148
Thomas A Jones
USDA Agricultural Research Service, Forage & Range Research Laboratory, 696 North 1100 East, Logan, UT 84322-6300
Roles: Research Geneticist
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
B Shaun Bushman
USDA Agricultural Research Service, Forage & Range Research Laboratory, 696 North 1100 East, Logan, UT 84322-6300
Roles: Research Geneticist
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R Trapper Crockett
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, 137 North 100 Westm Malad, ID 83252
Roles: Soil Conservationist
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Kyle C Forsyth
USDA Agricultural Research Service, Forage & Range Research Laboratory, 696 North 1100 East, Logan, UT 84322-6300
Roles: Agricultural Science Research Technician
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Abstract

Additional native forb species are desired to diversify the structure and functioning of restoration plant communities in the Intermountain West. Utah trefoil (Lotus utahensis Ottley [Faba-ceae]) is a perennial legume native to the southern portions of this region, but its germination and establishment are untested. To determine if seed dormancy is present, we germinated acid-scarified and (or) prechilled seed plus an untreated control in 2 laboratory experiments. In both experiments, the untreated control yielded only 0.3% germinants. Likewise, when applied alone, acid scarification failed (P > 0.10) to increase germination in laboratory experiment 1, while increasing (P <0.10) it only slightly (to 1.8%) in experiment 2. Similarly, pre-chilling, intended to mimic overwintering conditions, failed (P>0.10) to increase germination in experiment 1, while generating only a small (P <0.01) increase (to 4.6%) in experiment 2. Nevertheless, when the 2 treatments were applied sequentially, germination increased to 56.9% and 73.6% in the 2 experiments, respectively, implying combinational (physical, that is, hard seed + physiological) seed dormancy. Two field experiments were conducted to verify laboratory results. In a fall-dormant planting seeded for spring germination, acid scarification resulted in more (P <0.0001) established seedlings than did unscarification (3.10% compared to 0.06%). When seeded in spring, acid scarification again yielded more (P <0.0001) seedlings than from unscarification, though numbers were lower (0.59% compared to 0.00%). In summary, acid scarification followed by laboratory prechilling (or field overwintering) greatly facilitated germination (or seedling establishment), overcoming combinational seed dormancy, but seedling establishment in the field was low.

KEY WORDS
  • acid scarification
  • combinational seed dormancy
  • prechilling
  • restoration seed
  • stratification
  • Fabaceae
NOMENCLATURE
  • USDA NRCS (2022)

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Native Plants Journal: 23 (2)
Native Plants Journal
Vol. 23, Issue 2
20 Jun 2022
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Scarification and pre-chilling requirements for germination of the native forb Utah trefoil (Lotus utahensis Ottley)
Thomas A Jones, B Shaun Bushman, R Trapper Crockett, Kyle C Forsyth
Native Plants Journal Jun 2022, 23 (2) 148-155; DOI: 10.3368/npj.23.2.148

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Scarification and pre-chilling requirements for germination of the native forb Utah trefoil (Lotus utahensis Ottley)
Thomas A Jones, B Shaun Bushman, R Trapper Crockett, Kyle C Forsyth
Native Plants Journal Jun 2022, 23 (2) 148-155; DOI: 10.3368/npj.23.2.148
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Keywords

  • acid scarification
  • combinational seed dormancy
  • prechilling
  • restoration seed
  • stratification
  • Fabaceae
  • USDA NRCS (2022)
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