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Research ArticleRefereed Research
Open Access

Seed collection, storage, and germination practices may affect Viola reintroduction outcomes

Sam Kilgore, Kayri Havens, Andrea Kramer, Ashlyn Lythgoe, Linda MacKechnie and Marcello De Vitis
Native Plants Journal, March 2022, 23 (1) 40-55; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.23.1.40
Sam Kilgore
Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe, IL 60022 Northwestern University Evanston, IL 60208
Roles: Graduate Student
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Kayri Havens
Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe, IL 60022
Roles: Senior Director, Ecology and Conservation
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Andrea Kramer
Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe, IL 60022
Roles: Director of Restoration Ecology
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Ashlyn Lythgoe
Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe, IL 60022 Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907
Roles: REU Student
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Linda MacKechnie
Ball Horticultural Company West Chicago, IL 60185
Roles: Seed Biologist
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Marcello De Vitis
Chicago Botanic Garden Glencoe, IL 60022
Roles: Postdoctoral Research Associate
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Abstract

Numerous factors can influence the ability to successfully procure and use seeds to support plant reintroductions, including challenges with seed collection, storage, and germination. Viola species (Violaceae) are often missing from regional restoration activities because of such obstacles. Using 6 Viola species native to prairie and woodland habitats in the Midwestern United States, we investigated how timing of seed collection, seed storage conditions and duration, and seed germination pretreatment influences seed viability and germination. Specific germination pretreatments tested were cold stratification length, priming with polyethylene glycol, and gibberellic acid. Our results indicate that very short-term seed storage, from 1 d to 4 mo, can influence the depth of primary dormancy in violet seeds, significantly affecting subsequent germination. Cold stratification was the most effective seed pretreatment in breaking dormancy across the 6 species studied, whereas responses to other pretreatments (for example, gibberellic acid and priming) were largely species-specific. Even though cold stratification was consistently the most effective pretreatment, responses significantly differed among and within species. We provide a “best practices” checklist and recommend more detailed record-keeping when seeds are collected, stored, and pretreated for use in restoration.

KEY WORDS
  • cold stratification
  • seed germination
  • seed storage
  • restoration
  • Viola labradorica
  • Viola lanceolata
  • Viola pedatifida
  • Viola pubescens
  • Viola sagittata
  • Viola sororia
  • Violaceae
NOMENCLATURE
  • USDA NRCS (2021)

This open access article is distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) and is freely available online at: http://npj.uwpress.org

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Native Plants Journal: 23 (1)
Native Plants Journal
Vol. 23, Issue 1
20 Mar 2022
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Seed collection, storage, and germination practices may affect Viola reintroduction outcomes
Sam Kilgore, Kayri Havens, Andrea Kramer, Ashlyn Lythgoe, Linda MacKechnie, Marcello De Vitis
Native Plants Journal Mar 2022, 23 (1) 40-55; DOI: 10.3368/npj.23.1.40

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Seed collection, storage, and germination practices may affect Viola reintroduction outcomes
Sam Kilgore, Kayri Havens, Andrea Kramer, Ashlyn Lythgoe, Linda MacKechnie, Marcello De Vitis
Native Plants Journal Mar 2022, 23 (1) 40-55; DOI: 10.3368/npj.23.1.40
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Keywords

  • cold stratification
  • seed germination
  • seed storage
  • restoration
  • Viola labradorica
  • Viola lanceolata
  • Viola pedatifida
  • Viola pubescens
  • Viola sagittata
  • Viola sororia
  • Violaceae
  • USDA NRCS (2021)
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