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Research ArticlePropagation Protocol

Propagation by means of embryo excision for endangered clay phacelia ex situ seed production

Sydney Houghton, Susan E Meyer and Olga R Kopp
Native Plants Journal, March 2022, 23 (1) 115-122; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.23.1.115
Sydney Houghton
Utah Valley University 800 West University Pkwy Orem, UT 84058
Roles: Intermediate Research Analyst, Botany
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Susan E Meyer
U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station 735 North 500 East Provo, UT 84606
Roles: Research Ecologist
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Olga R Kopp
Utah Valley University 800 West University Pkwy Orem, UT 84058
Roles: Professor of Biology
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

Clay phacelia (Phacelia argillacea N.D. Atwood [Boraginaceae/Hydrophyllaceae]) is an endangered species with seeds that are physiologically dormant and cue-non-responsive. Seed dormancy is a common strategy that is beneficial to species under natural conditions, but working with cue-non-responsive seeds in propagation can be difficult. Several treatment methods are available to artificially break dormancy, but intact clay phacelia seeds of some lots germinate to small percentages or not at all, regardless of the treatment applied. Our work tested micropropagation with embryo excision as a method to artificially break dormancy for seeds that were collected from the 2 known wild populations (Tucker and Railroad). Excised embryos from the Railroad population germinated to 78%, whereas the Tucker embryos germinated to 45%. Both populations suffered more than 50% mortality during acclimatization from in vitro to open air conditions. Survival through vernalization to seed production for acclimatized plants was 100% for Railroad and 88% for Tucker plants. Combining embryo excision with cold stratification, either before or after excision, could potentially improve embryo germination, while modification of conditions during in vitro propagation or acclimatization could improve survival during these critical phases. Individuals that survived to seed production produced an average of >600 seeds after exposure to insect pollinators in a semi-natural outdoor setting. The general protocol described here is not species-specific and provides an alternative seed propagation method for those working with species that have cue-non-responsive seeds.

KEY WORDS
  • acclimatization
  • cue-non-responsive seeds
  • in vitro propagation
  • Phacelia argillacea
  • seed dormancy
  • tissue culture
  • Boraginaceae
  • Hydrophyllaceae
NOMENCLATURE
  • USDA NRCS (2020)

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Native Plants Journal: 23 (1)
Native Plants Journal
Vol. 23, Issue 1
20 Mar 2022
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Propagation by means of embryo excision for endangered clay phacelia ex situ seed production
Sydney Houghton, Susan E Meyer, Olga R Kopp
Native Plants Journal Mar 2022, 23 (1) 115-122; DOI: 10.3368/npj.23.1.115

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Propagation by means of embryo excision for endangered clay phacelia ex situ seed production
Sydney Houghton, Susan E Meyer, Olga R Kopp
Native Plants Journal Mar 2022, 23 (1) 115-122; DOI: 10.3368/npj.23.1.115
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Keywords

  • acclimatization
  • cue-non-responsive seeds
  • in vitro propagation
  • Phacelia argillacea
  • seed dormancy
  • tissue culture
  • Boraginaceae
  • Hydrophyllaceae
  • USDA NRCS (2020)
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