Notice of release of Santiago Germplasm silver bluestem: a selected class of natural germplasm

Colin Shackelford; Jameson S Crumpler; Forrest S Smith; Keith A Pawelek; John Reilley; Shelly D Maher; Brandon Carr

doi:10.3368/npj.22.2.146

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Seed increase field of Accession 9109995 silver bluestem in Alpine, Texas.
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Figure 1.
Collection and evaluation sites used in development of Santiago Germplasm silver bluestem (Bothriochloa laguroides (DC.) Herter ssp. torreyana (Steud.) Allred & Gould [Poaceae]).
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Cleaned seed of Santiago Germplasm silver bluestem (size reference = a US dime).
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Representative plants of Santiago Germplasm silver bluestem.

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TABLE 1

Bothriochloa species collections from Texas evaluated in the development of Santiago Germplasm.

Accession	Genus Bothriochloa, species	County	Location	Soil texture
9089003	laguroides	Uvalde	Highway 90 just east of Kinney county line	Loam
9090632	laguroides	Val Verde	Highway 163 north of Comstock	Loam
9109978	laguroides	Terrell	Longfellow Ranch HQ	Gravelly loam
9109980	laguroides	Val Verde	Highway 90 at Langtry	Channery loam
9109983	barbinodis	Terrell	Highway 349 south of Sheffield	Gravelly loam
9109986	barbinodis	Val Verde	Highway 90 west of Del Rio	Silty clay
9109989	barbinodis	Uvalde	Highway 55 south of campground	Silty clay loam
9109990	barbinodis	Pecos	Highway 349 south of Sheffield	Gravelly loam
9109991	laguroides	Brewster	Highway 67 near Hovey	Loam
9109992	laguroides	Pecos	I-10 west of Sheffield	Gravelly loam
9109993	barbinodis	Terrell	Longfellow Ranch NE Reiniger Pasture	Silty clay loam
9109994	barbinodis	Uvalde	Highway 55 and 334 at Laguna	Silty clay loam
9109995	laguroides	Kinney	Highway 334	Silty clay loam
9110001	barbinodis	Pecos	Highway 285 north of Sanderson	Gravelly loam
9110006	barbinodis	Terrell	TNC Independence Creek, North Canyon	Gravelly loam
9110008	laguroides	Terrell	TNC Independence Creek, North Canyon	Gravelly loam
9110014	laguroides	Pecos	Longfellow Ranch Reina Pasture	Gravelly loam
9110016	laguroides	Brewster	Highway 90 b/t Alpine and Marathon	Silt loam
9110045	barbinodis	Jeff Davis	TNC Davis Mountains Preserve	Very gravelly sandy loam
9110050	barbinodis	Brewster	FM 1703 west of Alpine	Very gravelly loam
9110051	laguroides	Terrell	Hwy 90 between Sanderson and Dryden	Gravelly loam
9110052	laguroides	Uvalde	Hwy 127 and 83, Concan	Clay
9110053	laguroides	Brewster	Hwy 90 west of Sanderson	Loam
9111577	barbinodis	Jeff Davis	Hwy 17 between Ft Davis and Marfa	Loam
9111584	laguroides	Reeves	I-10 east of Balmorhea, east of Hwy 2448	Loam
9111586	laguroides	Pecos	Hwy 1776 and Hwy 1450	Gravelly loam
9111590	laguroides	Jeff Davis	Hwy 90 east of Valentine	Clay loam
9111595	barbinodis	Presidio	Mimms Ranch, Marfa	Clay loam
9111597	laguroides	Presidio	Mimms Ranch, Marfa	Loam
9111602	laguroides	Brewster	Hwy 118 north of Alpine	Loam
9111605	barbinodis	Brewster	Hwy 118 south of Alpine	Clay loam
9111608	barbinodis	Jeff Davis	Caldwell Ranch	Gravelly loam
9111611	barbinodis	Jeff Davis	Caldwell Ranch	Very cobbly silt loam
9111615	laguroides	Uvalde	Hwy 1050 west of Utopia	Clay loam
9111617	laguroides	Brewster	Hwy 118 south of Alpine	Clay loam
9111619	barbinodis	Brewster	Hwy 118 north of Study Butte	Very gravelly sandy loam
9111621	laguroides	Brewster	Hwy 118 north of Study Butte	Very gravelly sandy loam
9111622	barbinodis	Brewster	Hwy 118 south of Alpine	Gravelly loam
9111626	laguroides	Presidio	Hwy 169 south of Marfa	Silt clay loam
9111640	laguroides	Dawson	Hwy 180 west of Lamesa	Fine sandy loam
9111641	laguroides	Gaines	Hwy 180 west of Lamesa	Loamy fine sand
9111652	barbinodis	Brewster	Mount Ord Ranch, Hwy 118 south of Alpine	Extremely gravelly loam
9111671	laguroides	Ector	K-Bar Ranch, south of Odessa	Very gravelly sandy loam
9111674	laguroides	Crane	K-Bar Ranch, south of Odessa	Loam
9111677	laguroides	Upton	Hwy 1492, south of Midland	Very gravelly sandy loam
9111681	laguroides	Martin	I-20 west of Big Spring	Loam
9111682	laguroides	Ward	Hwy 1776 north of the Pecos River	Very gravelly loam
9111700	laguroides	Culberson	County Rd 114, E-SE of Delaware Mtns	Loam
9111926	barbinodis	Coke	Butterfield Ranch, 8 mi S of Robert Lee	Clay loam
9111927	laguroides	Coke	FM 208 south of Robert Lee	Clay loam
9111928	barbinodis	Uvalde	Highway 55 north of Uvalde	Silt loam
9111929	barbinodis	Upton	Highway 349 south of Highway 67	Loam

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TABLE 2

Accessions selected for advanced evaluation and rationale for selection.

Accession	Selection criteria	Rank
9090632	Vigor Uniformity	9th 6th
9109994	Vigor Foliage density Seed production Forage production	8th 7th 4th (tie) 6th (tie)
9109995*	Vigor Foliage density Uniformity Seed production Forage production	5th 5th 7th 4th (tie) 4th (tie)
9110014	Vigor Foliage density Uniformity Seed production Forage production	2nd 2nd 3rd (tie) 2nd 3rd
9110045	Vigor Uniformity Seed production Forage production	10th (tie) 3rd (tie) 10th (tie) 9th (tie)
9110050	Uniformity Active germination	2nd (tie) 6th (tie)
9111584*	Vigor Foliage density Uniformity Seed production Forage production Active germination	6th (tie) 7th (tie) 3rd (tie) 5th 6th 1 st
9111617*	Vigor Foliage density Uniformity Seed production Forage production	1st 1 st 1 st 1 st 1 st
9111621	Vigor Foliage density Uniformity Seed production Forage production Active germination	7th 7th 9th (tie) 6th (tie) 5th (tie) 9th
9111622	Vigor Foliage density Uniformity Forage production	9th (tie) 9th (tie) 5th (tie) 7th

Notes: Asterisk (*) denotes accessions included in Santiago Germplasm silver bluestem.

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TABLE 3

Comparative difference in evaluation scores of selected and non-selected accessions of silver bluestem at the 2 planting sites.

Category	Selected accessions	Non-Selected accessions	% Difference
Survival (%)	99.5	94.0	5.9
Plant vigor^*	2.7	4.5	66.7
Foliage density^*	2.7	4.5	66.7
Uniformity^*	3.0	4.3	43.3
Seed production^*	3.5	5.1	45.7
Forage production^*	2.9	4.8	65.5
Plant height (cm)	85.3	74.8	14.0
Plant cover (%)	97.0	90.5	7.2
Active seed germ (%)	41.2	27.8	48.0

↵* Ocular estimates with 1 being the best and 10 being the poorest.

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TABLE 4

Mean values for all evaluation criteria and active germination rates for non-selected accessions, selected accessions, and existing commercial releases at the Alpine evaluation site.

Accession	# Plants	Vigor^*	Foliage density^*	Uniformity^*	Seed production^*	Forage production^*	Height	Cover	Germination (%)
Accession	# Plants	Vigor^*	Foliage density^*	Uniformity^*	Seed production^*	Forage production^*	Height	Cover	2014	2015
Accessions not selected – Alpine data
9109994	9.5	3.3	3.3	3.5	4.3	3.8	69.3	91.0	36.7	11.3
9110014	10.0	4.5	4.5	4.0	5.3	4.8	66.5	78.3	16.3	19.0
9110045	9.0	5.3	5.3	4.0	5.8	5.8	60.3	81.0	31.7	25.0
9110050	10.0	4.8	4.8	4.8	5.5	4.8	73.8	93.8	45.0	23.0
9111621	10.0	3.5	3.3	4.5	5.8	4.0	66.0	87.3	42.7	14.0
9111622	10.0	5.8	5.5	5.8	6.8	6.3	58.0	79.0	37.0	25.7
Mean	9.8	4.5	4.4	4.4	5.5	4.9	65.6	85.0	34.9	19.7
Selected accessions – Alpine data
9109995	10.0	2.5	2.0	2.3	2.8	2.8	71.3	98.0	32.3	34.0
9111584	9.75	2.5	2.8	2.5	3.8	3.0	79.8	97.8	63.7	26.7
9111617	10.0	2.5	2.8	2.5	4.8	2.8	78.8	92.8	36.0	14.3
Mean	9.9	2.5	2.5	2.4	3.8	2.8	76.6	96.2	44.0	25.0
Existing releases – Alpine data

Release	# Plants	Vigor^*	Foliage density^*	Uniformity^*	Seed production^*	Forage production^*	Height	Cover	Germination (%)
Release	# Plants	Vigor^*	Foliage density^*	Uniformity^*	Seed production^*	Forage production^*	Height	Cover	2014	2015
Grant	9.5	4.8	5.0	4.5	5.8	5.0	78.8	93.3	N/A	19.7
Starr	9.0	2.5	2.5	4.0	3.8	3.0	80.8	91.5	N/A	33.7
Turner	10.0	4.5	4.5	2.5	3.5	4.0	86.5	99.0	N/A	21.3
Mean	9.5	3.9	4.0	3.7	4.3	4.0	82.0	94.6		24.9

↵* Ocular estimates with 1 being the best and 10 the poorest. All other variables are direct measurements.

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TABLE 5

Mean values for all evaluation criteria and active germination rates for non-selected accessions, selected accessions, and existing commercial releases at the Odessa evaluation site.

Accession	# of Plants	Vigor^*	Foliage density^*	Uniformity^*	Seed production^*	Forage production^*	Height	Cover	Germination (%)
Accession	# of Plants	Vigor^*	Foliage density^*	Uniformity^*	Seed production^*	Forage production^*	Height	Cover	2014	2015
Accessions not selected – Odessa data
9109994	10.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.5	3.8	93.3	99.0	N/A	20.7
9110014	9.5	6.7	6.7	7.0	6.3	6.3	64.3	83.7	N/A	47.7
9110045	10.0	4.5	4.5	3.3	3.3	4.0	81.3	97.0	N/A	23.0
9110050	10.0	5.5	5.3	5.3	7.0	6.5	77.3	95.0	N/A	28.7
9111621	10.0	1.8	1.8	2.0	1.8	1.8	100.8	100.0	N/A	40.3
9111622	10.0	5.3	5.5	5.3	6.8	5.8	81.0	100.0	N/A	16.0
Mean	9.9	4.4	4.4	4.3	4.8	4.7	83.0	95.8		29.4
Selected accessions – Odessa data
9109995	10.0	2.0	1.8	2.5	2.5	1.8	95.5	100.0	N/A	38.0
9111584	10.0	3.3	3.3	4.0	3.3	3.5	93.3	99.3	N/A	53.7
9111617	10.0	3.5	3.8	4.5	4.0	3.8	93.3	94.3	N/A	52.0
Mean	10.0	2.9	2.9	3.7	3.3	3.0	94.0	97.8		47.9
Existing releases – Odessa data

Release	# of Plants	Vigor^*	Foliage density^*	Uniformity^*	Seed production^*	Forage production^*	Height	Cover	Germination (%)
Release	# of Plants	Vigor^*	Foliage density^*	Uniformity^*	Seed production^*	Forage production^*	Height	Cover	2014	2015
Grant	10.0	6.0	6.0	4.8	6.5	6.0	77.3	93.0	N/A	29.7
Starr	10.0	4.7	5.0	5.0	4.7	5.0	85.3	91.3	N/A	83.3
Turner	10.0	5.0	5.0	4.3	4.8	4.5	88.5	99.8	N/A	21.0
Mean	10.0	5.2	5.3	4.7	5.3	5.2	83.7	94.7		44.7