Article Figures & Data
Figures
Seed head of Carex inops ssp. inops at the Violet Prairie Seed Farm, Tenino, Washington.
Seed head of Carex tumulicola at the Naas Preserve, Coupeville, Washington.
- TABLE 1
Stratification periods (0–4 mo) and germination temperatures (spring, intermediate, summer, winter) experienced by each treatment during the dormancy release and germination temperature experiment.
Cleaned seed of Carex inops ssp. inops.
Cleaned seed of Carex tumulicola.
Newly germinating seedling of Carex inops ssp. inops.
Newly germinating seedling of Carex tumulicola.
- Figure 1.
Cumulative germination patterns over 84 d (12 wk) for 2 accessions of Carex inops ssp. inops and 1 accession of C. tumulicola (rows) when placed in 3 different germination temperature regimes (columns) after being subject to different periods of stratification (colors). Data are averaged across 4 lots per treatment combination. Vertical lines indicate the dates at which germination was analyzed statistically (see Figure 2). The black germination pattern in each graph is from seeds that remained in winter conditions for another 12 wk after 4 mo of stratification.
- Figure 2.
Germination (percentage of seeds that germinated) of 2 accessions of Carex inops ssp. inops and 1 accession of C. tumulicola (rows) when placed in 3 different germination temperature regimes (columns) after being subjected to different periods of stratification (colors). The black horizontal line within each row indicates the germination rate for seeds that remained in winter conditions. Data are cumulative through 56 and 28 d of germination for C. inops and C. tumulicola, respectively. Each point corresponds to a lot of 50 seeds (4 lots per treatment combination), and bars are mean values. Within each graph, stratification periods with the same lowercase letters are not statistically different from one another. Within each row, germination temperatures with the same capital letters are not statistically different from one another. Full statistical results are reported in Table 2.
- Figure 3.
Dormancy (percentage of non-germinating seeds that responded to tetrazolium) of 2 accessions of Carex inops ssp. inops and 1 accession of C. tumulicola (rows) when placed in 3 different germination temperature regimes (columns) after being subjected to different periods of stratification (colors). Data were analyzed after 84 d of germination. Other details as in Figure 2. Full statistical results are reported in Table 2.
- Figure 4.
Viability (percentage of seeds that germinated or responded to tetrazolium) of 2 accessions of Carex inops ssp. inops and 1 accession of C. tumulicola (rows) when placed in 3 different germination temperature regimes (columns) after being subjected to different periods of stratification (colors). Data were analyzed after 84 d of germination. Other details as in Figure 2. Full statistical results are reported in Table 2.
- Figure 5.
Effects of Liquid Smoke and smoke water (columns) on germination of Carex inops ssp. inops and C. tumulicola (rows). Data were analyzed after 56 and 28 d of germination for C. inops and C. tumulicola, respectively. Each point corresponds to a lot of 50 seeds (4 lots per treatment combination), and bars are mean values. The P value of each test is reported in the associated graph and, where significant, lowercase letters identify statistical differences among concentrations.
- Figure 6.
Anecdotal observations of after-ripening effects on cumulative germination of Carex inops ssp. inops and C. tumulicola. Carex inops seeds received no stratification and germinated under intermediate conditions; the line for ‘Little’ after-ripening is from the stratification experiment (initiated 19 wk after seed collection) and the lines for ‘Lots’ of after-ripening are from the smoke water and perigynia removal experiments (49 wk after seed collection). Carex tumulicola seeds received 2 mo of stratification and germinated under intermediate conditions; the line for ‘Little’ after-ripening is from the stratification experiment (4 wk after seed collection) while the line for ‘Lots’ of after-ripening is from the smoke water experiment (32 wk after seed collection). For reference, the vertical lines indicate the dates at which germination was analyzed statistically (see Figures 2 and 5).
Tables
- TABLE 2
Statistical results of analysis of accession (A; Carex inops only), stratification period (SP), and germination temperature (GT) on germination, dormancy, and viability of Carex inops ssp. inops and Carex tumulicola.
Species / Source df Germination Dormancy Viability Deviance P Deviance P Deviance P Carex inops ssp. inops A 1 15.2 < 0.001 24.7 < 0.001 14.5 0.001 GT 2 134.0 < 0.001 7.8 0.020 39.3 < 0.001 SP 4 53.7 < 0.001 161.0 < 0.001 59.4 < 0.001 A:GT 2 9.2 0.010 4.8 0.091 9.6 0.008 A:SP 4 34.0 < 0.001 98.3 < 0.001 61.8 < 0.001 GT:SP 8 81.2 < 0.001 49.7 < 0.001 37.8 < 0.001 A:GT:SP 8 28.8 < 0.001 57.1 < 0.001 20.0 0.010 Carex tumulicola GT 2 93.3 < 0.001 2.0 0.374 108.9 < 0.001 SP 4 250.6 < 0.001 30.2 < 0.001 57.0 < 0.001 GT:SP 8 72.1 < 0.001 98.7 < 0.001 23.0 0.003 Notes: Each species was analyzed separately. Germination is cumulative through 56 and 28 d, respectively, for C. inops and C. tumulicola. Dormancy and viability were calculated after 84 d of germination. The treatment that remained in winter conditions was not included in these analyses. Statistically significant effects (P ≤ 0.05) are in bold. Data are in Figures 2–4.
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