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Research ArticleREFEREED RESEARCH
Open Access

Increasing germination of 2 upland sedges, Carex inops ssp. inops and Carex tumulicola

Kelly Broadlick and Jonathan D Bakker
Native Plants Journal September 2019, 20 (3) 253-266; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.20.3.253
Kelly Broadlick
, Native Plant Propagator, Fourth Corner Nurseries, 5652 Sand Road, Bellingham, WA 98226,
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Jonathan D Bakker
, Professor, School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, Box 354115, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
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Abstract

Propagation of native plants is generally more successful when plant scientists and managers have a broad understanding of the natural history of a species, including the conditions that seeds of that species require to germinate. We studied 2 sedges, Carex inops L.H. Bailey ssp. inops (long-stolon sedge [Cyperaceae]) and Carex tumulicola Mack. (splitawn sedge), that grow in upland prairies of western North America. We tested multiple combinations of stratification period and germination temperature to identify the best regime for increasing germination of each species. We also conducted smaller tests of smoke treatments and perigynia removal, which are additional ways to enhance germination. Based on our results, we recommend that C. tumulicola receive 2 mo of cold moist stratification and then be exposed to day/night temperatures of 15/8 °C (59/46 °F) or 19/11 °C (66/52 °F) for 1 mo. We recommend that C. inops not receive cold moist stratification but instead be exposed to the same germination conditions for at least 2 mo. Germination patterns differ: C. tumulicola germinates rapidly and uniformly, whereas C. inops germinates non-uniformly over an extended period. Perigynia removal clearly increases germination of C. inops. Smoke treatments had minimal effects on germination. Many of the germination requirements that we identified are consistent with the natural history of these species, such as differences in timing of seed maturation. By increasing the feasibility of propagating these species from seeds, our work enables genetically diverse populations of these species to be incorporated into restoration projects.

  • seed dormancy
  • stratification
  • smoke water
  • perigynia
  • prairie
  • restoration
  • Cyperaceae
NOMENCLATURE
  • USDA NRCS (2018)
  • © 2019 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

This open access article is distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/byncnd/4.0) and is freely available online at: http://npj.uwpress.org.

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Native Plants Journal: 20 (3)
Native Plants Journal
Vol. 20, Issue 3
21 Sep 2019
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Increasing germination of 2 upland sedges, Carex inops ssp. inops and Carex tumulicola
Kelly Broadlick, Jonathan D Bakker
Native Plants Journal Sep 2019, 20 (3) 253-266; DOI: 10.3368/npj.20.3.253

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Increasing germination of 2 upland sedges, Carex inops ssp. inops and Carex tumulicola
Kelly Broadlick, Jonathan D Bakker
Native Plants Journal Sep 2019, 20 (3) 253-266; DOI: 10.3368/npj.20.3.253
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Keywords

  • seed dormancy
  • stratification
  • smoke water
  • perigynia
  • prairie
  • restoration
  • Cyperaceae
  • USDA NRCS (2018)
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