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Research ArticlePropagation Protocol

In vitro germination protocol for the propagation of the endangered butternut tree (Juglans cinerea L.)

Martin Williams, Kathleen Forbes, Charlene Williams and Tannis Beardmore
Native Plants Journal June 2019, 20 (2) 117-122; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.20.2.117
Martin Williams
, Forest Genomics and Health Research Biologist, Natural Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada,
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Kathleen Forbes
, Laboratory Technologist and Advisor, Natural Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada,
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Charlene Williams
, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, 75 Laurier Avenue E, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada,
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Tannis Beardmore
, Tree Seed Researcher, Natural Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada,
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Abstract

Butternut (Juglans cinerea L. [Juglandaceae]) is a native tree in the US and Canada that is in rapid decline due to an introduced fungal pathogen (Ophiognomonia clavigignenti juglandacearum [Oc-j]). Resistance to the disease has not been identified, and conservation efforts for this nut-producing species have concentrated on the ex situ cryogenic storage of germplasm. The conventional method for growing butternut uses the nut. In general, Juglans species exhibit seed dormancy, which can be broken by cold, moist stratification at 1–4 °C (32–39.2 °F) for 90–120 d. Stratified nuts usually germinate within 4 wk, with variation among seeds. Average germination by the conventional method is approximately 60% for J. cinerea. A new in vitro germination protocol has been developed for the production of butternut seedlings that results in high germination and acclimatization success (conversion of germinants growing on medium to seedlings growing in soil) for both cryogenically and non-cryogenically stored embryonic axes (root–shoot axis). This protocol eliminates the need for conventional nut stratification; produces decontaminated tissue via surface sterilization, such that seedlings are visibly canker-free; increases germination; and enables long-term cryogenic storage.

  • ex situ conservation
  • cryogenic storage
  • butternut canker
  • Juglandaceae
NOMENCLATURE:
  • Plants: USDA NRCS (2019)
  • Fungi: Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life (2019)
  • © 2019 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

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Native Plants Journal: 20 (2)
Native Plants Journal
Vol. 20, Issue 2
20 Jun 2019
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In vitro germination protocol for the propagation of the endangered butternut tree (Juglans cinerea L.)
Martin Williams, Kathleen Forbes, Charlene Williams, Tannis Beardmore
Native Plants Journal Jun 2019, 20 (2) 117-122; DOI: 10.3368/npj.20.2.117

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In vitro germination protocol for the propagation of the endangered butternut tree (Juglans cinerea L.)
Martin Williams, Kathleen Forbes, Charlene Williams, Tannis Beardmore
Native Plants Journal Jun 2019, 20 (2) 117-122; DOI: 10.3368/npj.20.2.117
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Keywords

  • ex situ conservation
  • cryogenic storage
  • butternut canker
  • Juglandaceae
  • Plants: USDA NRCS (2019)
  • Fungi: Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life (2019)
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