Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Archive
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
    • Index/Abstracts
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
  • Alerts
  • Free Issue
  • Call for Papers
  • Other Publications
    • UWP
    • Ecological Restoration
    • Land Economics
    • Landscape Journal

User menu

  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
Native Plants Journal
  • Other Publications
    • UWP
    • Ecological Restoration
    • Land Economics
    • Landscape Journal
  • Register
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • My Cart
Native Plants Journal

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Current
    • Archive
  • Info for
    • Authors
    • Subscribers
    • Institutions
    • Advertisers
  • About Us
    • About Us
    • Editorial Board
    • Index/Abstracts
  • Connect
    • Feedback
    • Help
  • Alerts
  • Free Issue
  • Call for Papers
  • Follow uwp on Twitter
  • Visit uwp on Facebook
Research ArticlePropagation Protocol

In vitro germination protocol for the propagation of the endangered butternut tree (Juglans cinerea L.)

Martin Williams, Kathleen Forbes, Charlene Williams and Tannis Beardmore
Native Plants Journal, June 2019, 20 (2) 117-121; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.20.2.117
Martin Williams
, Forest Genomics and Health Research Biologist, Natural Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada,
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Kathleen Forbes
, Laboratory Technologist and Advisor, Natural Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada,
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Charlene Williams
, PhD Candidate, University of Ottawa, Department of Geography, Environment and Geomatics, 75 Laurier Avenue E, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada,
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Tannis Beardmore
, Tree Seed Researcher, Natural Resources Canada, Atlantic Forestry Centre, 1350 Regent Street, Fredericton, NB E3B 5P7, Canada,
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • For correspondence: [email protected]
  • Article
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF
Loading

Abstract

Butternut (Juglans cinerea L. [Juglandaceae]) is a native tree in the US and Canada that is in rapid decline due to an introduced fungal pathogen (Ophiognomonia clavigignenti juglandacearum [Oc-j]). Resistance to the disease has not been identified, and conservation efforts for this nut-producing species have concentrated on the ex situ cryogenic storage of germplasm. The conventional method for growing butternut uses the nut. In general, Juglans species exhibit seed dormancy, which can be broken by cold, moist stratification at 1–4 °C (32–39.2 °F) for 90–120 d. Stratified nuts usually germinate within 4 wk, with variation among seeds. Average germination by the conventional method is approximately 60% for J. cinerea. A new in vitro germination protocol has been developed for the production of butternut seedlings that results in high germination and acclimatization success (conversion of germinants growing on medium to seedlings growing in soil) for both cryogenically and non-cryogenically stored embryonic axes (root–shoot axis). This protocol eliminates the need for conventional nut stratification; produces decontaminated tissue via surface sterilization, such that seedlings are visibly canker-free; increases germination; and enables long-term cryogenic storage.

  • ex situ conservation
  • cryogenic storage
  • butternut canker
  • Juglandaceae
NOMENCLATURE:
  • Plants: USDA NRCS (2019)
  • Fungi: Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life (2019)
View Full Text

This article requires a subscription to view the full text. If you have a subscription you may use the login form below to view the article. Access to this article can also be purchased.

Log in using your username and password

Forgot your user name or password?

Purchase access

You may purchase access to this article. This will require you to create an account if you don't already have one.
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Native Plants Journal: 20 (2)
Native Plants Journal
Vol. 20, Issue 2
20 Jun 2019
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Index by author
  • Front Matter (PDF)
Print
Download PDF
Article Alerts
Sign In to Email Alerts with your Email Address
Email Article

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Native Plants Journal.

NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.

Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
In vitro germination protocol for the propagation of the endangered butternut tree (Juglans cinerea L.)
(Your Name) has sent you a message from Native Plants Journal
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the Native Plants Journal web site.
Citation Tools
In vitro germination protocol for the propagation of the endangered butternut tree (Juglans cinerea L.)
Martin Williams, Kathleen Forbes, Charlene Williams, Tannis Beardmore
Native Plants Journal Jun 2019, 20 (2) 117-121; DOI: 10.3368/npj.20.2.117

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Share
In vitro germination protocol for the propagation of the endangered butternut tree (Juglans cinerea L.)
Martin Williams, Kathleen Forbes, Charlene Williams, Tannis Beardmore
Native Plants Journal Jun 2019, 20 (2) 117-121; DOI: 10.3368/npj.20.2.117
Twitter logo Facebook logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like
  • Google Plus One
Bookmark this article

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • SEED COLLECTION, PROCESSING, AND STORAGE
    • VIABILITY TESTING
    • TISSUE CULTURE AND SEEDLING PRODUCTION
    • SUMMARY
    • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
    • Footnotes
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data
  • Info & Metrics
  • References
  • PDF

Related Articles

  • No related articles found.
  • Google Scholar

Cited By...

  • No citing articles found.
  • Google Scholar

More in this TOC Section

  • Seed increase protocol for rabbit ears gilia (Ipomopsis aggregata ssp. weberi) and yellow Indian paintbrush (Castilleja flava var. flava)
  • Germination and propagation of Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm., a difficult-to-grow prairie species
  • Propagation by means of embryo excision for endangered clay phacelia ex situ seed production
Show more Propagation Protocol

Similar Articles

Keywords

  • ex situ conservation
  • cryogenic storage
  • butternut canker
  • Juglandaceae
  • Plants: USDA NRCS (2019)
  • Fungi: Species 2000 and ITIS Catalogue of Life (2019)
UW Press logo

© 2025 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

Powered by HighWire