Attitudes toward and adoption of roadside revegetation using native plants by departments of transportation in New England states

REFERENCES

1. ↵
   1. Ament R,
   2. Begley J,
   3. Powell S,
   4. Stoy P

   . 2014. Roadside vegetation and soils on federal lands: evaluation of the potential for increasing carbon capture and storage and decreasing carbon emissions. Vancouver (WA): Federal Highway Administration. General Technical Report. 47 p.
2. ↵
   1. Barbour RS

   . 1999. Are focus groups an appropriate tool for studying organizational change? In: Barbour RS, Kitzinger J, editors. Developing focus group research: politics, theory, and practice. London: SAGE Publications. p 113–26.
3. ↵
   1. Berger RL

   . 2005. Integrated roadside vegetation management. Washington (DC): Transportation Research Board. 80 p.
4. ↵
   1. Brandt J,
   2. Henderson K,
   3. Uthe J

   . 2015. Integrated roadside vegetation management technical manual: Iowa’s roadside resource. In: Urice M, editor. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service | Iowa DOT’s Living Roadway Trust Fund. Cedar Falls (IA): Tallgrass Prairie Center, University of Northern Iowa.
5. ↵
   1. Brown RN,
   2. Percivalle C,
   3. Narkiewicz C,
   4. DeCuollo S

   . 2010. Relative rooting depths of native grasses and amenity grasses with potential for use on roadsides in New England. HortScience 45:393–400.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
6. ↵
   1. Clinton WJ

   . 1994. Presidential memorandum on environmentally beneficial landscaping. Washington (DC), 26 April.
7. ↵
   1. Clinton WJ

   . 1999. Exec. Order No. 13112, 3 C.F.R. Volume 64: Number 25. Washington (DC), 8 February.
8. 1. [CT Bill] CT Public Act 16-1

   ; Section 12: “An Act Concerning Pollinators Health.” 2016. URL: https://www.cga.ct.gov/2016/ACT/pa/2016PA-00017-R00SB-00231-PA.htm (accessed 26 Sep 2018). Hartford (CT): Connecticut State Government.
9. ↵
   1. Dickerson J,
   2. Wark B,
   3. Burgdorf D,
   4. Bush T,
   5. Maher R,
   6. Miller C

   . 1997. Vegetating with native grasses in northeastern North America. Poole B, editor. Washington (DC): USDA NRCS and Ducks Unlimited Canada. 135 p.
10. ↵
    1. Dillman DA

    . 2000. Mail and internet surveys: the tailored design method. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley.
11. ↵
    1. Eck RW,
    2. McGee HW

    . 2008. Vegetation control for safety, a guide for local highway and street maintenance. Washington (DC): Federal Highway Administration. General Technical Report. 56 p.
12. ↵
    1. Ehrenreich JH,
    2. Aikman JM

    . 1963. An ecological study of the effect of certain management practices on native prairie in Iowa. Ecological Monographs 33:113–1.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
13. 1. [FAST] Fixing America’s Surface Transportation (FAST) Act

    . 2015. Pub. L. No. 114-94. Washington (DC), 4 December.
14. ↵
    1. Forman RT,
    2. Alexander LE

    . 1998. Roads and their major ecological effects. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 29:207–231.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
15. ↵
    1. Forman RT,
    2. Sperling D,
    3. Bissonette JA,
    4. Clevenger AP,
    5. Cutshall C,
    6. Dale VH,
    7. Fahrig L,
    8. France RL,
    9. Goldman CR,
    10. Heanue K,
    11. Jones J,
    12. Swanson F,
    13. Turrentine T,
    14. Winter TC

    . 2003. Road ecology. Washington (DC): Island Press. 504 p.
16. ↵
    1. Harrison GL

    . 2014. Economic impact of ecosystem services provided by ecologically sustainable roadside right of way vegetation management practices. Tallahassee (FL): Florida Dept of Transportation. General Technical Report. 35 p.
17. ↵
    1. Hopwood J

    . 2008. The contribution of roadside grassland restorations to native bee conservation. Biological Conservation 141:2632–2640.

    OpenUrl
18. ↵
    1. Hopwood J,
    2. Hoffman-Black S,
    3. Fleury S

    . 2016. Pollinators and roadsides: best management practices for managers and decision makers. Remley D, editor. Washington (DC): Federal Highway Administration. General Technical Report. 96 p.
19. ↵
    1. [ILRTF] Iowa Living Roadway Trust Fund

    . n.d. URL: https://iowadot.gov/lrtf/living-roadway-trust-fund/who-we-are (accessed 16 Apr 2018). Des Moines (IA): Iowa Department of Transportation.
20. ↵
    1. [Iowa Code] Iowa Code 314.21

    . n.d. Administrative provisions for highways: living roadway trust fund. URL: https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/ico/code/314.pdf (accessed 16 Apr 2018). Des Moines (IA): Iowa State Government.
21. ↵
    1. [IRB] University of Connecticut-Storrs Institutional Review Board

    . n.d. URL: https://research.uconn.edu/irb/ (accessed 16 Apr 2018). Storrs (CT): University of Connecticut.
22. ↵
    1. Isaacs R,
    2. Tuell JK,
    3. Fiedler AK,
    4. Gardiner M,
    5. Landis DA

    . 2009. Maximizing arthropod-mediated ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes: the role of native plants. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 7:196–203.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
23. ↵
    1. Jackson K,
    2. Trochim W

    . 2002. Concept mapping as an alternative approach for the analysis of open-ended survey responses. Organizational Research Methods 5(4):307–336.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
24. ↵
    1. Keller G,
    2. Sherar J

    . 2003. Low-volume roads engineering: best management practices field guide. Washington (DC): US AID and USDA Forest Service. General Technical Report. 158 p.
25. ↵
    1. Keyser P,
    2. Harper C,
    3. Bates G

    . 2012. Competition control in native warm-season grasses grown for livestock forage in the mid-south. Knoxville (TN): University of Tennessee Institute of Agriculture. 12 p.
26. ↵
    1. Kuzovkina YA,
    2. Campanelli J,
    3. Schulthess C,
    4. Ricard R,
    5. Dreyer G

    . 2016. Effective establishment of native grasses on roadsides in New England. New England Transportation Consortium. 283 p.
27. ↵
    1. Kvale S,
    2. Brinkmann S

    . 2009. Interviews: learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing. Thousand Oaks (CA): SAGE Publications. 354 p.
28. ↵
    1. McCargo H,
    2. Dillon K,
    3. Looke L

    . 2018. Maine native plants for roadside restoration: a design and propagation manual. Augusta (ME): Maine Department of Transportation. 176 p.
29. 1. [NRC] National Research Council

    . 2005. Assessing and managing the ecological impacts of paved roads. Washington (DC): National Academies Press. 294 p.
30. 1. [NRCS] Natural Resources Conservation Service

    . 2011. Job sheet: establishing native grasses (CP2). Washington (DC): United States Department of Agriculture. March. 4 p.
31. 1. [NRCS MO] Natural Resources Conservation Service, Missouri

    . 2011. Native forb information sheet: conservation practice information sheet (IS-MO643F). Jefferson City (MO): Missouri Department of Conservation. May.
32. ↵
    1. Nuance Communications

    . 2014. Dragon NaturallySpeaking software, version 13. Burlington (MA).
33. ↵
    1. Obama BH

    . 2014. Presidential memorandum: creating a federal strategy to promote the health of honey bees and other pollinators. Washington (DC).
34. ↵
    1. Ott JP,
    2. Hartnett DC

    . 2012. Contrasting bud bank dynamics of two co-occurring grasses in tallgrass prairie: implications for grassland dynamics. Plant Ecology 213:1437–1448.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
35. ↵
    1. Qualtrics

    . 2018. Research suite: instruction manual. Provo (UT). January.
36. ↵
    1. [REAP] Resource Enhancement and Protection Fund

    . n.d. URL: http://www.iowadnr.gov/Conservation/REAP (accessed 16 Apr 2018). Des Moines (IA): Iowa Department of Natural Resources.
37. ↵
    1. Simmons M,
    2. Bertelso M,
    3. Windhager S,
    4. Zafian H

    . 2011. The performance of native and non-native turfgrass monocultures and native grass polycultures: an ecological approach to sustainable lawns. Ecological Engineering 37:1095–1103.

    OpenUrl
38. ↵
    1. Stake R

    . 1995. The art of case study research. Thousand Oaks (CA): SAGE Publications. 192 p.
39. ↵
    1. Steinfeld DE

    . 2007. Roadside revegetation: an integrated approach to establishing native plants. Vancouver (WA): Federal Highway Administration, Western Federal Lands Highway Division, Technology Deployment Program. 413 p.
40. 1. Strauss AL

    . 1978. Negotiations: varieties, contexts, processes, and social order. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. 275 p.
41. ↵
    1. Strong PM,
    2. Dingwall R

    . 1997. The interactional study of organizations: a critique and formulation. In: Dingwall R, Miller G, editors. Context and method in qualitative research. London: SAGE Publications. p 139–154.
42. ↵
    1. Wagner DL,
    2. Metzler KJ,
    3. Leicht-Young SA,
    4. Motzkin G

    . 2014. Vegetation composition along a New England transmission line corridor and its implications for other trophic levels. Forest Ecology and Management 327:231–239.

    OpenUrl
43. ↵
    1. Williams DW,
    2. Jackson LL,
    3. Smith DD

    . 2007. Effects of frequent mowing on survival and persistence of forbs seeded into a species-poor grassland. Restoration Ecology 15:24–33.

    OpenUrlCrossRef