Propagation protocol for blue elderberry (Sambucus nigra L. ssp. cerulea (Raf.) Bolli)

REFERENCES

1. ↵
   1. Brinkman KA,
   2. Johnson WG

   . 2008. Sambucus, elder. In: Bonner FT, Karrfalt RP, Nisley RG, editors. The woody plant seed manual. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Agricultural Handbook 727. p 1014–1018.
2. ↵
   1. Clancy JH,
   2. Maguire JD

   . 1979. Abscisic acid content in developing blue elderberry seed. Journal of Seed Technology 4(1):34–42.

   OpenUrl
3. ↵
   1. Crane MF

   . 1989. Sambucus nigra subsp. cerulea. Fire effects information system. Missoula (MT): USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants/shrub/samnig/all.html (accessed 29 Aug 2017).
4. ↵
   1. Hidayati SN,
   2. Walck JL,
   3. Taylor J

   . 2010. Seed germination ecophysiology of two western North American species of Sambucus (Caprifoliaceae sensue lato), and comparisons with eastern North American and European congeners. Plant Species Biology 25:203–213 doi: 10.1111/j.1984.2010.00291.x.

   OpenUrlCrossRef
5. ↵
   1. Hitchcock CL,
   2. Cronquist A

   . 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. 6th ed. Seattle (WA): University of Washington Press. 452 p.
6. ↵
   1. Holyoak M,
   2. Koch-Munz M

   . 2008. The effects of site conditions and mitigation practices on success of establishing the Valley elderberry longhorn beetle and its host plant, blue elderberry. Environmental Management 42(3):444–457 doi: 10.1007/s00267-008-9113-7.

   OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
7. ↵
   1. James RL,
   2. Genz D

   . 1981. Ponderosa pine seed treatments: effects on seed germination and disease incidence. Missoula (MT): USDA Forest Service, Cooperative Forestry and Pest Management, Northern Region. Report 81-16. 13 p.
8. ↵
   1. Jepson Herbarium

   . 2018. Jepson eFlora. URL: http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/eflora (accessed 23 Jul 2018). Berkeley (CA): The Jepson Herbarium.
9. ↵
   1. Kildisheva OA,
   2. Regan DJ,
   3. Davis AS

   . 2012. Seed treatments for container seedling production at the University of Idaho. Lincoln (NE): USDA Forest Service. Forest Nursery Notes 32(1):10–15.

   OpenUrl
10. ↵
    1. Ogle D,
    2. Pavek P,
    3. Fleenor R,
    4. Stannard M,
    5. Dring T,
    6. Cane J,
    7. Fullen K,
    8. St John L,
    9. Tilley D

    . 2011. Plants for pollinators in the Inland Northwest. USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. TN Plant Materials No. 2B. 65 p.
11. ↵
    1. Stevens M,
    2. Nesom G

    . 2016. Blue elderberry (Sambucus nigra L. ssp. cerulea (Raf.) R. Bolli). USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service: plant guide. URL: https://plants.usda.gov/plantguide/pdf/cs_sanic5.pdf (accessed 23 Jul 2018).
12. ↵
    1. Vaghti MG,
    2. Holyoak M,
    3. Williams A,
    4. Talley TS,
    5. Fremier AK,
    6. Greco SE

    . 2009. Understanding the ecology of blue elderberry to inform landscape restoration in semiarid river corridors. Environmental Management 43(1):28–37 doi: 10.1007/s00267-008-9233-0.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
13. ↵
    1. [USDA NRCS] USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service

    . 2018. The PLANTS database: conservation plant characteristics. URL: https://plants.usda.gov/java/charProfile?symbol=SANIC5 (accessed 23 Jul 2018). Greensboro (NC): National Plant Data Team.
14. ↵
    1. Walker M,
    2. Nunez J,
    3. Walkingstick M,
    4. Banack SA

    . 2004. Ethnobotanical investigation of the Acjachemen clapperstick from blue elderberry, Sambusuc mexicana (Caprifoliaceae). Economic Botany 58(1):21–24 doi: 10.1663/0013-0001(2004)058[0021:EIOTAC]2.0.CO;2.

    OpenUrlCrossRef