Evaluation of thermal, chemical, and mechanical seed scarification methods for 4 Great Basin lupine species

REFERENCES

1. 1. Baskin CC,
   2. Baskin JM

   . 1998. Seeds: ecology, biogeography and evolution of dormancy and germination. 1st ed. San Diego (CA): Academic Press. 666 p.
2. 1. Beuthin M

   . 2012. Plant guide for bigleaf lupine (Lupinus polyphyllus). USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Plant Materials Center, Corvallis (OR).
3. 1. Brooks ML,
   2. D’Antonio CM,
   3. Richardson DM,
   4. Grace JB,
   5. Keeley JE,
   6. Di-Tomaso JM,
   7. Hobbs RJ,
   8. Pellant M,
   9. Pyke D

   . 2004. Effects of invasive alien plants on fire regimes. Bioscience 54:677–688.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
4. 1. Ceballos L,
   2. Andary C,
   3. Delescluse M,
   4. Gibernau M,
   5. McKey D,
   6. Hossaert-McKey M

   . 2002. Effects of sublethal attack by a sucking insect, Hyalymenus tarsatus, on Sesbania drummondii seeds: impact on some seed traits related to fitness. Ecoscience 9:28–36.

   OpenUrlWeb of Science
5. 1. D’Antonio CM,
   2. Vitousek PM

   . 1992. Biological invasions by exotic grasses, the grass/fire cycle, and global change. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 23:63–87.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
6. 1. Dittus DA,
   2. Muir JP

   . 2010. Breaking germination dormancy of Texas native perennial herbaceous legumes. Native Plants Journal 11:5–10.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
7. 1. Dreesen DR

   . 2004. Tumbling for seed cleaning and conditioning. Native Plants Journal 5:52–54.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
8. 1. Eldredge S

   . 2007. Beneficial fungal interaction resulting in accelerated germination of Astragalus utahensis, a hard-seeded legume [MSc Thesis]. Provo (UT): Brigham Young University. 99 p.
9. 1. Gordillo LF,
   2. Stevens MR,
   3. Millard MA,
   4. Geary B

   . 2008. Screening two Lycopersicon peruvianum collections for resistance to Tomato spotted wilt virus. Plant Disease 92:694–704.

   OpenUrl
10. 1. Harrison RD,
    2. Chatterton NJ,
    3. McArthur ED,
    4. Ogle D,
    5. Asay KH,
    6. Waldron BL

    . 2003. Range plant development in Utah: a historical view. Rangelands 25:13–19.

    OpenUrl
11. 1. Hill HJ

    . 1999. Recent developments in seed technology. Journal of New Seeds 1:105–112.

    OpenUrl
12. 1. Hootman JG

    . 1941. Germinated lupine seeds. Horticulture 18:370.

    OpenUrl
13. 1. Jayasuriya KMGG,
    2. Baskin JM,
    3. Baskin CC

    . 2009. Sensitivity cycling and its ecological role in seeds with physical dormancy. Seed Science Research 19:3–13.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
14. 1. Jones TA,
    2. Nielson DC

    . 1992. Germination of prechilled mechanically scarified and unscarified Indian ricegrass seed. Journal of Range Management 45:175–179.

    OpenUrl
15. 1. Knapp PA

    . 1996. Cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.) dominance in the Great Basin Desert: history, persistence, and influences to human activities. Global Environmental Change 6:37–52.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
16. 1. Kurlovich BS

    . 2002. Lupins: geography, classification, genetic resources and breeding. St Petersburg, Russia: OY International North Express.
17. 1. Matthews R

    . 1993. Lupinus sericeus. In: Fire effects information system [Online]. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/plants (accessed 2015).
18. 1. Morrow LA,
    2. Stahlman PW

    . 1984. The history and distribution of downy brome (Bromus tectorum) in North America. Weed Science 32:2–6.

    OpenUrl
19. 1. Nikolaeva MG

    . 1969. Physiology of deep dormancy in seeds. Leningrad: Izdatel’stvo Nauka. [Translated from Russian by Z. Shapiro.] Washington (DC): National Science Foundation.
20. 1. Peters EF,
    2. Bunting SC

    . 1994. Fire conditions pre- and postoccurrence of annual grasses on the Snake River Plain. Ogden (UT): USDA Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. General Technical Report INT-GTR-313. p 31–36.
21. 1. Quinlivan BJ

    . 1970. The interpretation of germination tests on seeds of Lupinus species which develop impermeability. Proceedings International Seed Testing Association 35:349–359.

    OpenUrl
22. 1. Rick CM,
    2. Hunt D

    . 1961. Improved seed germination with the use of sodium hypochlorite. Tomato Genetics Cooperative Report 11:22.

    OpenUrl
23. 1. Shaw NL,
    2. Lambert SM,
    3. DeBolt AM,
    4. Pellant M

    . 2005. Increasing native forb seed supplies for the Great Basin. In: Riley L, Dumroese RKtechnical coordinators. National Proceedings: Forest and Conservation Nursery Associations—2004; 12–15 July 2004; Charleston (NC); and 26–29 July 2004; Medford (OR), USA. Fort Collins (CO): USDA Forest Service. RMRS-P-35. p 94–102.
24. 1. St John L,
    2. Tilley D

    . 2012. Plant guide for silky lupine (Lupinus sericeus). USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. Aberdeen (ID): Aberdeen Plant Materials Center.
25. 1. Travlos IS,
    2. Economou G,
    3. Karamanos AI

    . 2007. Germination and emergence of the hard seed coated Tylosema esculentum (Burch) A. Schreib in response to different pre-sowing seed treatments. Journal of Arid Environments 68:501–507.

    OpenUrl
26. [USDA NRCS] USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service. 2015. The PLANTS database. URL: http://plants.usda.gov/java/ (accessed 6 May 2015). Greensboro (NC): National Plant Data Team.
27. [USDA USFS] USDA Forest Service Research. 2009. Great Basin native plant selection and increase project brochure. URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/rm/boise/research/shrub/images/GBNPSIPimages/GBNPSIP-brochure2009.pdf (accessed 26 Apr 2011). Boise (ID): Rocky Mountain Research Station.
28. 1. Van Assche JA,
    2. Debucquoy KL,
    3. Rommens WAF

    . 2003. Seasonal cycles in the germination capacity of buried seeds of some Leguminosae (Fabaceae). New Phytologist 158:315–323.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
29. 1. Whisenant SG

    . 1990. Changing fire frequencies on Idaho’s Snake River Plains: ecological and management implications. In: McArthur ED, Romney EM, Smith SD, Tueller PT, coordinators and editors. Symposium proceedings, cheatgrass invasion, shrub die-off, and other aspects of shrub biology and management; 1989 April 5–7; Las Vegas, NV. Ogden (UT): US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. General Technical Report INT-276. p 4–10.