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Research ArticleRefereed Research
Open Access

Evaluation of thermal, chemical, and mechanical seed scarification methods for 4 Great Basin lupine species

Covy D Jones, Mikel R Stevens, Von D Jolley, Bryan G Hopkins, Scott L Jensen, Dave Turner and Jason M Stettler
Native Plants Journal, March 2016, 17 (1) 5-18; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3368/npj.17.1.5
Covy D Jones
, Wildlife Biologist, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Wildlife Section, 1115 N Main Street, Springville, UT 84005,
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  • For correspondence: [email protected]
Mikel R Stevens
, Professor, 5131 LSB, Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602,
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Von D Jolley
Professor, Retired, 4105A LSB, Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602,
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Bryan G Hopkins
Professor, 5115 LSB, Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602,
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Scott L Jensen
Botanist, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Shrub Sciences Research Laboratory, 735 North 500 East, Provo, UT 84606,
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Dave Turner
Statistician, Retired, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Logan Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 860 North 1200 East, Logan, Utah 84321,
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Jason M Stettler
Native Forb Biologist, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Great Basin Research Center, 494 West 100 South, Ephraim, Utah 84627,
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Abstract

Seeds of most Great Basin lupine (Lupinus spp. [Fabaceae]) species are physically dormant and thus, difficult to establish in uniform stands in seed production fields. We designed this study to examine 5 seed scarification techniques, each with 11 levels of application (including a non-scarified control), to reduce the physical seed dormancy of longspur lupine (L. arbustus Douglas ex Lindl.), silvery lupine (L. argenteus Pursh), hairy bigleaf lupine (L. prunophilus M.E. Jones), and silky lupine (L. sericeus Pursh). These 4 perennial Great Basin lupine species are of interest for both rehabilitation and restoration of degraded rangelands. We evaluated 10 treatments of each of 5 scarification methods, one mechanical, 2 thermal, and 2 chemical (sulfuric acid and sodium hypochlorite) techniques on the above-mentioned species. The sulfuric acid and the mechanical scarification treatments significantly improved germination for both silvery and silky lupine. Additionally, one thermal scarification method (60 s at 95 °C [203 °F]) was effective for silvery lupine. Both sulfuric acid and sodium hypochlorite scarification methods had treatment levels that significantly improved germination of hairy bigleaf lupine. For longspur lupine, all treatments within the 5 scarification methods either decreased or were not a significant improvement of germination as compared with the control, except for the treatment of soaking the seeds for 35 s at 95 °C (203 °F). We found scarification to be an effective tool for reducing physical dormancy in silvery lupine, hairy bigleaf lupine, and silky lupine, thus allowing for a more efficient use of limited seeds.

  • seed dormancy
  • physical dormancy
  • germination
  • thermal scarification
  • chemical scarification
  • mechanical scarification
  • Fabaceae
NOMENCLATURE
  • USDA
  • NRCS (2015)
  • © 2016 by the Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System

This open access article is distributed under the terms of the CC BY NC ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/byncnd/3.0) and is freely available online at: http://npj.uwpress.org

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Native Plants Journal: 17 (1)
Native Plants Journal
Vol. 17, Issue 1
20 Mar 2016
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Evaluation of thermal, chemical, and mechanical seed scarification methods for 4 Great Basin lupine species
Covy D Jones, Mikel R Stevens, Von D Jolley, Bryan G Hopkins, Scott L Jensen, Dave Turner, Jason M Stettler
Native Plants Journal Mar 2016, 17 (1) 5-18; DOI: 10.3368/npj.17.1.5

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Evaluation of thermal, chemical, and mechanical seed scarification methods for 4 Great Basin lupine species
Covy D Jones, Mikel R Stevens, Von D Jolley, Bryan G Hopkins, Scott L Jensen, Dave Turner, Jason M Stettler
Native Plants Journal Mar 2016, 17 (1) 5-18; DOI: 10.3368/npj.17.1.5
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Keywords

  • seed dormancy
  • physical dormancy
  • germination
  • thermal scarification
  • chemical scarification
  • mechanical scarification
  • Fabaceae
  • USDA
  • NRCS (2015)
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