Performance of nine Florida native wildflower species grown in varying container substrates

Adrienne M Smith; Sandra B Wilson; Mack Thetford; Keona L Nolan; Carrie Reinhardt Adams

doi:10.3368/npj.15.1.75

REFERENCES

1. [AFNN] Association of Florida Native Nurseries.
1991. Xeric landscaping with Florida native plants. Jameson M, Moyroud R, editors. Hollywood (FL): Betrock Information Systems. p 72.
1. Beardsell DV,
2. Nichols DG,
3. Jones DL.
1979. Water relations of nursery-potting media. Scientia Horticulturae 11:9–17.
OpenUrl
1. Bragg NC,
2. Chambers BJ.
1988. Interpretation and advisory applications of compost air-filled porosity (AFP) measurements. Acta Horticulturae 221:35–44.
OpenUrl
1. [FAWN] Florida Automated Weather Network.
2012. Report generator. URL: http://fawn.ifas.ufl.edu (accessed 25 May 2012).
1. Hammond HE,
2. Wilson SB,
3. Schoellhorn RK,
4. Stoffella PJ.
2004. Container and field-evaluation of Gaillardia pulchella production in compost-based media. Combined Proceedings International Plant Propagation Society 54:77–82.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
1. Hammond HE,
2. Norcini JG,
3. Wilson SB,
4. Schoellhorn RK,
5. Miller DL.
2007. Growth, flowering, and survival of firewheel (Gaillardia pulchella Foug.) based on seed source and growing location. Native Plants Journal 8:25–39.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
1. Heather AE,
2. Pérez HE,
3. Wilson SB.
2010. Non-deep physiological dormancy in seeds of two Polygonella species with horticultural potential. HortScience 45:1854–1858.
OpenUrl
1. Heiskanen J.
1999. Hydrological properties of container media based on sphagnum peat and their potential implication for availability of water to seedlings after outplanting. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 14:78–85.
OpenUrl
1. Heiskanen J.
2013. Effects of compost additive in sphagnum peat growing medium on Norway spruce container seedlings. New Forests 44:101–118.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
1. Kabat SM,
2. Norcini JG,
3. Dehgan B.
2007. Temperature and light affects germination ecology of commercially produced seeds of Leavenworth’s coreopsis. Native Plants Journal 8:236–247.
OpenUrl
1. Kemery RD,
2. Dana MN.
2001. Influence of container size and medium amendment on post-transplant growth of prairie perennial seed-lings. HortTechnology 11:52–56.
OpenUrl
1. Landis TD,
2. Morgan N.
2009. Growing media alternatives for forest and native plant nurseries. In: Dumroese RK, Riley LE, technical coordinators. National proceedings, forest and conservation nursery associations—2008. Fort Collins (CO): USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Proceedings RMRS-P-58. p 26–31.
1. Menges ES,
2. Craddock A,
3. Salo J,
4. Zinthefer R,
5. Weekley CW.
2008. Gap ecology in Florida scrub: species occurrence, diversity and gap properties. Journal of Vegetation Science 19:503–514.
OpenUrl CrossRef Web of Science
1. Milstein GP.
2005. The uses and potential of wildflower seed and landscaping. In McDonald MB, Kwang FY, editors, Flower seeds: biology and technology. Columbus (OH): CABI Publishing. p 39–51.
1. Murphy A,
2. Gilliam CH,
3. Fain GB,
4. Torgert HA,
5. Gallagher TV,
6. Sibley JL,
7. Boyer CR.
2011. Low-value trees as alternative substrates in greenhouse production of three annual species. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 29:152–161.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
1. Niedziela CE,
2. Nelson PV.
1992. A rapid method for determining physical properties of undisturbed substrate. HortScience 27:1279–1280.
OpenUrl
1. Norcini JG,
2. Aldrich JH,
3. Martin FG.
2006. Harvest season and fertilizer effects on seed production of Leavenworth’s coreopsis. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 24:63–67.
OpenUrl
1. Norcini JG,
2. Frances AL,
3. Adams CR.
2009. Establishment of Leavenworth’s tickseed (Coreopsis leavenworthii) on roadside right-of-ways. URL: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu (accessed 18 May 2012). Gainesville (FL): University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Extension Publication ENH1104.
1. Parker ES,
2. Jones SB.
1975. A systematic study of the genus Balduina (Compositae, Heliantheae). Brittonia 27:355–361.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
1. Pérez HE,
2. Almira F,
3. Brennan M.
2009. Germination timing and dormancy break in seeds of summer farewell (Dalea pinnata, Fabaceae). Ecological Restoration 27:160–168.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
1. Poole RT,
2. Conover CA,
3. Joiner JN.
1981. Soils and potting mixtures. In: Joiner JN, editor. Foliage plant production. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice Hall. p 179–202.
1. Prasad M.
1979. Physical properties of media for container-grown crops. II. Peat Mixes. Scientia Horticulturae 10:325–330.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
1. Price JG,
2. Wright AN,
3. Tilt KM,
4. Boyd RL.
2009. Organic matter application improves posttransplant root growth of three native woody shrubs. HortScience 44:377–383.
OpenUrl
1. Roberts BR.
2006. Compost-containing substrates and their effect on posttransplant growth of containerized tree seedlings. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32:289–296.
OpenUrl
1. Sabre M,
2. Holl KD,
3. Lyons RE,
4. Cairns J Jr..
1997. Potential use of wild-flower species for landfill restoration in southwestern Virginia. Hort-Technology 7:383–387.
OpenUrl
1. Thetford M,
2. Heather AE,
3. Pérez HE,
4. Wilson SB.
2008. Propagation of wildflowers collected from wild-collected seeds or cuttings. Combined Proceedings International Plant Propagation Society 58:555–560.
OpenUrl
1. Thetford M,
2. O’Donoughue AH,
3. Wilson SB,
4. Pérez HE.
2012. Softwood cutting propagation of three Polygonella wildflower species native to Florida. Propagation of Ornamental Plants 12:58–62.
OpenUrl
1. [USDA NRCS] USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2013a. The PLANTS database. URL: http://plants.usda.gov (accessed 18 Mar 2013). Greensboro (NC): National Plant Data Team.
1. [USDA NRCS] USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2013b. Web soil survey. URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov (accessed 25 May 2013).
1. Ward DB,
2. Taylor WK.
1999. Discovery of tree-form gopher apple (Licania michauxii), with implication of an arboreous ancestor. Castanea 64:263–265.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
1. Wilson SB,
2. Stoffella PJ.
2006. Using compost for container production of ornamental wetland and flatwood species native to Florida. Native Plants Journal 7:293–300.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text
1. Wilson SB,
2. Mecca LK,
3. Stoffella PJ,
4. Graetz DA.
2004. Using compost for container production of ornamental hammock species native to Florida. Native Plants Journal 5(2):186–194.
OpenUrl
1. Wilson SB,
2. Mecca LK,
3. Danielson HE,
4. Graetz DA,
5. Stoffella PJ.
2006. Container and field evaluation of three native shrubs grown in compost-based media. Compost Science & Utilization 14:178–183.
OpenUrl
1. Wunderlin RP,
2. Hansen BF.
2008. Atlas of Florida vascular plants. URL: http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu (accessed 15 May 2013). Landry SM, Campbell KN (application development), Florida Center for Community Design and Research. Tampa (FL): University of South Florida, Institute for Systematic Botany.
1. Younis A,
2. Riaz A,
3. Saleem S,
4. Hameed M.
2010. Potential use of wild-flowers in urban landscape. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 881:229–234.
OpenUrl

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[1] [AFNN] Association of Florida Native Nurseries.
1991. Xeric landscaping with Florida native plants. Jameson M, Moyroud R, editors. Hollywood (FL): Betrock Information Systems. p 72.

[2] [AFNN] Association of Florida Native Nurseries.

[3] Beardsell DV,
Nichols DG,
Jones DL.
1979. Water relations of nursery-potting media. Scientia Horticulturae 11:9–17.
OpenUrl

[4] Beardsell DV,

[5] Nichols DG,

[6] Jones DL.

[7] Bragg NC,
Chambers BJ.
1988. Interpretation and advisory applications of compost air-filled porosity (AFP) measurements. Acta Horticulturae 221:35–44.
OpenUrl

[8] Bragg NC,

[9] Chambers BJ.

[10] [FAWN] Florida Automated Weather Network.
2012. Report generator. URL: http://fawn.ifas.ufl.edu (accessed 25 May 2012).

[11] [FAWN] Florida Automated Weather Network.

[12] Hammond HE,
Wilson SB,
Schoellhorn RK,
Stoffella PJ.
2004. Container and field-evaluation of Gaillardia pulchella production in compost-based media. Combined Proceedings International Plant Propagation Society 54:77–82.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[13] Hammond HE,

[14] Wilson SB,

[15] Schoellhorn RK,

[16] Stoffella PJ.

[17] Hammond HE,
Norcini JG,
Wilson SB,
Schoellhorn RK,
Miller DL.
2007. Growth, flowering, and survival of firewheel (Gaillardia pulchella Foug.) based on seed source and growing location. Native Plants Journal 8:25–39.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[18] Hammond HE,

[19] Norcini JG,

[20] Wilson SB,

[21] Schoellhorn RK,

[22] Miller DL.

[23] Heather AE,
Pérez HE,
Wilson SB.
2010. Non-deep physiological dormancy in seeds of two Polygonella species with horticultural potential. HortScience 45:1854–1858.
OpenUrl

[24] Heather AE,

[25] Pérez HE,

[26] Wilson SB.

[27] Heiskanen J.
1999. Hydrological properties of container media based on sphagnum peat and their potential implication for availability of water to seedlings after outplanting. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 14:78–85.
OpenUrl

[28] Heiskanen J.

[29] Heiskanen J.
2013. Effects of compost additive in sphagnum peat growing medium on Norway spruce container seedlings. New Forests 44:101–118.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[30] Heiskanen J.

[31] Kabat SM,
Norcini JG,
Dehgan B.
2007. Temperature and light affects germination ecology of commercially produced seeds of Leavenworth’s coreopsis. Native Plants Journal 8:236–247.
OpenUrl

[32] Kabat SM,

[33] Norcini JG,

[34] Dehgan B.

[35] Kemery RD,
Dana MN.
2001. Influence of container size and medium amendment on post-transplant growth of prairie perennial seed-lings. HortTechnology 11:52–56.
OpenUrl

[36] Kemery RD,

[37] Dana MN.

[38] Landis TD,
Morgan N.
2009. Growing media alternatives for forest and native plant nurseries. In: Dumroese RK, Riley LE, technical coordinators. National proceedings, forest and conservation nursery associations—2008. Fort Collins (CO): USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Proceedings RMRS-P-58. p 26–31.

[39] Landis TD,

[40] Morgan N.

[41] Menges ES,
Craddock A,
Salo J,
Zinthefer R,
Weekley CW.
2008. Gap ecology in Florida scrub: species occurrence, diversity and gap properties. Journal of Vegetation Science 19:503–514.
OpenUrl CrossRef Web of Science

[42] Menges ES,

[43] Craddock A,

[44] Salo J,

[45] Zinthefer R,

[46] Weekley CW.

[47] Milstein GP.
2005. The uses and potential of wildflower seed and landscaping. In McDonald MB, Kwang FY, editors, Flower seeds: biology and technology. Columbus (OH): CABI Publishing. p 39–51.

[48] Milstein GP.

[49] Murphy A,
Gilliam CH,
Fain GB,
Torgert HA,
Gallagher TV,
Sibley JL,
Boyer CR.
2011. Low-value trees as alternative substrates in greenhouse production of three annual species. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 29:152–161.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[50] Murphy A,

[51] Gilliam CH,

[52] Fain GB,

[53] Torgert HA,

[54] Gallagher TV,

[55] Sibley JL,

[56] Boyer CR.

[57] Niedziela CE,
Nelson PV.
1992. A rapid method for determining physical properties of undisturbed substrate. HortScience 27:1279–1280.
OpenUrl

[58] Niedziela CE,

[59] Nelson PV.

[60] Norcini JG,
Aldrich JH,
Martin FG.
2006. Harvest season and fertilizer effects on seed production of Leavenworth’s coreopsis. Journal of Environmental Horticulture 24:63–67.
OpenUrl

[61] Norcini JG,

[62] Aldrich JH,

[63] Martin FG.

[64] Norcini JG,
Frances AL,
Adams CR.
2009. Establishment of Leavenworth’s tickseed (Coreopsis leavenworthii) on roadside right-of-ways. URL: http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu (accessed 18 May 2012). Gainesville (FL): University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Extension Publication ENH1104.

[65] Norcini JG,

[66] Frances AL,

[67] Adams CR.

[68] Parker ES,
Jones SB.
1975. A systematic study of the genus Balduina (Compositae, Heliantheae). Brittonia 27:355–361.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[69] Parker ES,

[70] Jones SB.

[71] Pérez HE,
Almira F,
Brennan M.
2009. Germination timing and dormancy break in seeds of summer farewell (Dalea pinnata, Fabaceae). Ecological Restoration 27:160–168.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[72] Pérez HE,

[73] Almira F,

[74] Brennan M.

[75] Poole RT,
Conover CA,
Joiner JN.
1981. Soils and potting mixtures. In: Joiner JN, editor. Foliage plant production. Englewood Cliffs (NJ): Prentice Hall. p 179–202.

[76] Poole RT,

[77] Conover CA,

[78] Joiner JN.

[79] Prasad M.
1979. Physical properties of media for container-grown crops. II. Peat Mixes. Scientia Horticulturae 10:325–330.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[80] Prasad M.

[81] Price JG,
Wright AN,
Tilt KM,
Boyd RL.
2009. Organic matter application improves posttransplant root growth of three native woody shrubs. HortScience 44:377–383.
OpenUrl

[82] Price JG,

[83] Wright AN,

[84] Tilt KM,

[85] Boyd RL.

[86] Roberts BR.
2006. Compost-containing substrates and their effect on posttransplant growth of containerized tree seedlings. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 32:289–296.
OpenUrl

[87] Roberts BR.

[88] Sabre M,
Holl KD,
Lyons RE,
Cairns J Jr..
1997. Potential use of wild-flower species for landfill restoration in southwestern Virginia. Hort-Technology 7:383–387.
OpenUrl

[89] Sabre M,

[90] Holl KD,

[91] Lyons RE,

[92] Cairns J Jr..

[93] Thetford M,
Heather AE,
Pérez HE,
Wilson SB.
2008. Propagation of wildflowers collected from wild-collected seeds or cuttings. Combined Proceedings International Plant Propagation Society 58:555–560.
OpenUrl

[94] Thetford M,

[95] Heather AE,

[96] Pérez HE,

[97] Wilson SB.

[98] Thetford M,
O’Donoughue AH,
Wilson SB,
Pérez HE.
2012. Softwood cutting propagation of three Polygonella wildflower species native to Florida. Propagation of Ornamental Plants 12:58–62.
OpenUrl

[99] Thetford M,

[100] O’Donoughue AH,

[101] Wilson SB,

[102] Pérez HE.

[103] [USDA NRCS] USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2013a. The PLANTS database. URL: http://plants.usda.gov (accessed 18 Mar 2013). Greensboro (NC): National Plant Data Team.

[104] [USDA NRCS] USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.

[105] [USDA NRCS] USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.
2013b. Web soil survey. URL: http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov (accessed 25 May 2013).

[106] [USDA NRCS] USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service.

[107] Ward DB,
Taylor WK.
1999. Discovery of tree-form gopher apple (Licania michauxii), with implication of an arboreous ancestor. Castanea 64:263–265.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[108] Ward DB,

[109] Taylor WK.

[110] Wilson SB,
Stoffella PJ.
2006. Using compost for container production of ornamental wetland and flatwood species native to Florida. Native Plants Journal 7:293–300.
OpenUrl Abstract/FREE Full Text

[111] Wilson SB,

[112] Stoffella PJ.

[113] Wilson SB,
Mecca LK,
Stoffella PJ,
Graetz DA.
2004. Using compost for container production of ornamental hammock species native to Florida. Native Plants Journal 5(2):186–194.
OpenUrl

[114] Wilson SB,

[115] Mecca LK,

[116] Stoffella PJ,

[117] Graetz DA.

[118] Wilson SB,
Mecca LK,
Danielson HE,
Graetz DA,
Stoffella PJ.
2006. Container and field evaluation of three native shrubs grown in compost-based media. Compost Science & Utilization 14:178–183.
OpenUrl

[119] Wilson SB,

[120] Mecca LK,

[121] Danielson HE,

[122] Graetz DA,

[123] Stoffella PJ.

[124] Wunderlin RP,
Hansen BF.
2008. Atlas of Florida vascular plants. URL: http://www.plantatlas.usf.edu (accessed 15 May 2013). Landry SM, Campbell KN (application development), Florida Center for Community Design and Research. Tampa (FL): University of South Florida, Institute for Systematic Botany.

[125] Wunderlin RP,

[126] Hansen BF.

[127] Younis A,
Riaz A,
Saleem S,
Hameed M.
2010. Potential use of wild-flowers in urban landscape. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 881:229–234.
OpenUrl

[128] Younis A,

[129] Riaz A,

[130] Saleem S,

[131] Hameed M.

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Performance of nine Florida native wildflower species grown in varying container substrates

REFERENCES

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Performance of nine Florida native wildflower species grown in varying container substrates

REFERENCES

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