Maternal effects on growth and competitive ability in a commonly used restoration species

REFERENCES

1. 1. Ahmad S,
   2. Johnson-Cicalese JM,
   3. Dickson WK,
   4. Runk CR

   . 1986. Endophyte-enhanced resistance in perennial ryegrass to the bluegrass billbug, Sphenophorus parvulus. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 41:3–10.

   OpenUrl
2. 1. Arredondo JT,
   2. Johnson DA

   . 1999. Root architecture and biomass allocation of three range grasses in response to non-uniform supply of nutrients and shoot defoliation. New Phytologist 143:373–385.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
3. 1. Aubry C,
   2. Shoal R,
   3. Erickson V

   . 2005. Grass cultivars: their origins, development, and use on national forests and grasslands in the Pacific Northwest. Pendleton (OR): USDA Forest Service, Umatilla National Forest. 44 p.
4. 1. Badger KS,
   2. Ungar IA

   . 1990. Seedling competition and the distribution of Hordeum jubatum L. along a soil-salinity gradient. Functional Ecology 4:639–644.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
5. 1. Bossdorf O,
   2. Richards CL,
   3. Pigliucci M

   . 2008. Epigenetics for ecologists. Ecology Letters 11:106–115.

   OpenUrlPubMedWeb of Science
6. 1. Bradley BA,
   2. Mustard JF

   . 2005. Identifying land cover variability distinct from land cover change: cheatgrass in the Great Basin. Remote Sensing of Environment 94:204–213.

   OpenUrl
7. 1. Daehler CC

   . 2003. Performance comparisons of co-occurring native and alien invasive plants: implications for conservation and restoration. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34:183–211.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
8. 1. DeBano LF

   . 2000. The role of fire and soil heating on water repellency in wildland environments: a review. Journal of Hydrology 231/232: 195–206.

   OpenUrl
9. 1. Donohue K

   . 2009. Completing the cycle: maternal effects as the missing link in plant life histories. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 364:1059–1074.

   OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
10. 1. Dyer AR,
    2. Brown CS,
    3. Espeland EK,
    4. McKay JK,
    5. Meimberg H,
    6. Rice KJ

    . 2010. Synthesis: the role of adaptive trans-generational plasticity in biological invasions of plants. Evolutionary Applications 3:179–192.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
11. 1. Espeland EK,
    2. Perkins LB

    . 2013. Annual cover crops do not inhibit early growth of perennial grasses on a disturbed restoration soil in the Northern Great Plains, USA. Ecological Restoration 31:69–78.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
12. 1. Etterson JR,
    2. Galloway LF

    . 2002. The influence of light on paternal plants in Campanula americana (Campanulaceae): pollen characteristics and offspring traits. American Journal of Botany 89:1899–1906.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
13. 1. Galloway LF

    . 2001a. The effect of maternal and paternal environments on seed characters in the herbaceous plant Campanula americana (Campanulaceae). American Journal of Botany 88:832–840.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
14. 1. Galloway LF

    . 2001b. Paternal environmental effects on life history in the herbaceous plant Campanula americana. Ecology 82:2781–2789.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
15. 1. Gerry AK,
    2. Wilson SD

    . 1995. The influence of initial size on the competitive responses of six plant species. Ecology 76:272–279.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
16. 1. Goergen EM,
    2. Leger EA,
    3. Espeland EK

    . 2011. Native perennial grasses show evolutionary response to Bromus tectorum (cheatgrass) invasion. PLoS ONE 6: e18145.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
17. 1. Goldberg DE,
    2. Rajaniemi T,
    3. Gurevitch J,
    4. Stewart-Oaten A

    . 1999. Empirical approaches to quantifying interaction intensity: competition and facilitation along productivity gradients. Ecology 80:1118–1131.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
18. 1. Gross KL,
    2. Smith AD

    . 1991. Seed mass and emergence time effects on performance of Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. across environments. Oecologia 87:270–278.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
19. 1. Kalisz S

    . 1986. Variable selection on the timing of germination in Collinsia verna (Scrophulariaceae). Evolution 40:479–491.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
20. 1. Kawecki TJ,
    2. Ebert D

    . 2004. Conceptual issues in local adaptation. Ecology Letters 7:1225–1241.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
21. 1. Kitchen SG,
    2. Monsen SB

    . 1994. Germination rate and emergence success in bluebunch wheatgrass. Journal of Range Management 47:145–150.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
22. 1. Kulpa SM,
    2. Leger EA,
    3. Espeland EK,
    4. Goergen EM

    . 2012. Postfire seeding and plant community recovery in the Great Basin. Rangeland Ecology and Management 65:171–181.

    OpenUrl
23. 1. Liebman D

    . 2000. Integration of soil, crop and weed management in low-external-input farming systems. Weed Research 40:27–47.

    OpenUrl
24. 1. Maguire JD

    . 1962. Speed of germination—aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Science 2:176–177.

    OpenUrlCrossRef
25. 1. Miao SL,
    2. Bazzaz FA,
    3. Primack RB

    . 1991. Effects of maternal nutrient pulse on reproduction of two colonizing Plantago species. Ecology 72:586–596.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
26. 1. Padilla FM,
    2. Pugnaire FI

    . 2006. The role of nurse plants in the restoration of degraded environments. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 4:196–202.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
27. 1. Parrish JAD,
    2. Bazzaz FA

    . 1985. Nutrient content of Abutilon theophrasti seeds and the competitive ability of the resulting plants. Oecologia 65:247–251.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
28. 1. Pywell RF,
    2. Bullock JM,
    3. Roy DB,
    4. Warman L,
    5. Walker KJ,
    6. Rothery P

    . 2003. Plant traits as predictors of performance in ecological restoration. Journal of Applied Ecology 40:65–77.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
29. 1. Ray-Mukherjee J,
    2. Jones TA,
    3. Adler PB,
    4. Monaco TA

    . 2011. Immature seedling growth of two North American native perennial bunchgrasses and the invasive grass Bromus tectorum. Rangeland Ecology and Management 64:358–365.

    OpenUrl
30. 1. Reinhart KO,
    2. Callaway RM

    . 2006. Soil biota and invasive plants. New Phytologist 170:445–457.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
31. 1. Roach DA,
    2. Wulff RD

    . 1987. Maternal effects in plants. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 18:209–235.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
32. 1. Ross MA,
    2. Harper JL

    . 1972. Occupation of biological space during seedling establishment. Journal of Ecology 60:77–88.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
33. 1. Rowe CL,
    2. Leger EA

    . 2011. Competitive seedlings and inherited traits: a test of rapid evolution of Elymus multisetus (big squirreltail) in response to cheatgrass invasion. Evolutionary Applications 4:485–498.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
34. 1. Sambatti JBM,
    2. Rice KJ

    . 2006. Local adaptation, patterns of selection, and gene flow in the Californian serpentine sunflower (Helianthus exilis). Evolution 60:696–710.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
35. 1. Shipley B

    . 2009. Confirmatory path analysis in a generalized multilevel context. Ecology 90:363–368.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
36. 1. Smyth GK,
    2. Verbyla AP

    . 1996. A conditional approach to residual maximum likelihood estimation in generalized linear models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society B 58:565–572.

    OpenUrl
37. 1. Stratton DA

    . 1989. Competition prolongs expression of maternal effects in seedlings of Erigeron annuus (Asteraceae). American Journal of Botany 76:1646–1653.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
38. 1. Sultan SE,
    2. Barton K,
    3. Wilczek AM

    . 2009. Contrasting patterns of transgenerational plasticity in ecologically distinct congeners. Ecology 90:1831–1839.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
39. 1. Tungate KD,
    2. Burton MG,
    3. Susko DJ,
    4. Sermons SM,
    5. Rufty TW

    . 2006. Altered weed reproduction and maternal effects under low-nitrogen fertility. Weed Science 54:847–853.

    OpenUrl
40. 1. [USDA NRCS] USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service

    . 2013. The PLANTS database. URL: http://plants.usda.gov (accessed 21 May 2013). Greensboro (NC): National Plant Data Team.
41. 1. Van Zandt PA,
    2. Mopper S

    . 2004. The effects of maternal salinity and seed environment on germination and growth in Iris hexagona. Evolutionary Ecology Research 6:813–832.

    OpenUrlWeb of Science
42. 1. Violle C,
    2. Castro H,
    3. Richarte J,
    4. Navas M

    . 2009. Intraspecific seed trait variations and competition: passive or adaptive response? Functional Ecology 23:612–620.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
43. 1. Von Wettberg EJ,
    2. Weiner J

    . 2003. Larger Triticum aestivum plants do not preempt nutrient-rich patches in a glasshouse experiment. Plant Ecology 169:85–92.

    OpenUrl
44. 1. Wilson JB

    . 1988. The effect of initial advantage on the course of plant competition. Oikos 51:19–24.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
45. 1. Zhang YY,
    2. Fischer M,
    3. Colot V,
    4. Bossdorf O

    . 2013. Epigenetic variation creates potential for evolution of plant phenotypic plasticity. New Phytologist 197:314–322.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science