Seed germination of Viola pedata, a key larval host of a rare butterfly

REFERENCES

1. 1. Allen PS,
   2. Meyer SE

   . 1998. Ecological aspects of seed dormancy loss. Seed Science Research 8:183–191.

   OpenUrlWeb of Science
2. 1. Baskin CC,
   2. Baskin JM

   . 1988. Germination ecophysiology of herbaceous plant species in a temperate region. American Journal of Botany 75:286–305.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
3. 1. Baskin CC,
   2. Baskin JM

   . 1998. Seeds: ecology, biogeography, and evolution of dormancy and germination. San Diego (CA): Academic Press. 666 p.
4. 1. Baskin JM,
   2. Baskin CC

   . 1975. Observations on the ecology of the cedar glade endemic Viola egglestonii. American Midland Naturalist 93:320–329.

   OpenUrl
5. 1. Baskin JM,
   2. Baskin CC

   . 2004. A classification for seed dormancy. Seed Science Research 14:1–16.

   OpenUrlWeb of Science
6. 1. Beattie AJ

   . 1976. Plant dispersion, pollination and gene flow in Viola. Oecologia 25:291–300.

   OpenUrl
7. 1. Beattie AJ

   . 1985. The evolutionary ecology of ant-plant mutualisms. New York (NY): Cambridge University Press. 182 p.
8. 1. Beattie AJ,
   2. Culver DC

   . 1979. Neighborhood size in Viola. Evolution 33:1226–1229.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
9. 1. Beattie AJ,
   2. Lyons N

   . 1975. Seed dispersal in Viola (Violaceae): adaptations and strategies. American Journal of Botany 62:714–722.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
10. 1. Berg H,
    2. Redbo-Torstensson P

    . 1999. Offspring performance in three cleistogamous Viola species. Plant Ecology 145:49–58.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
11. 1. Brown CS,
    2. Bugg RL

    . 2001. Effects of established perennial grasses on introduction of native forbs in California. Restoration Ecology 9:38–48.

    OpenUrl
12. 1. Buisson E,
    2. Holl K,
    3. Anderson S,
    4. Corcket E,
    5. Hayes G,
    6. Torre F,
    7. Peteers A,
    8. Dutoit T

    . 2006. Effect of seed source, topsoil removal, and plant neighbor removal on restoring California coastal prairies. Restoration Ecology 14:569–577.

    OpenUrl
13. 1. Bülow-Olsen A

    . 1984. Diplochory in Viola: a possible relation between seed dispersal and soil seed bank. American Midland Naturalist 112:251–260.

    OpenUrl
14. 1. Burns JF,
    2. Cusick AW

    . 1984. Viola pedata L.: Bird-foot violet. URL: http://ohiodnr.com/Portals/3/Abstracts/Abstract_pdf/U-V/Viola_pedata.pdf (accessed 10 Jul 2013). Ohio Department of Natural Resources: Division of Natural Areas and Preserves.
15. 1. Cook RC

    . 1980. Germination and size-dependent mortality in Viola blanda. Oecologia 47:115–117.

    OpenUrl
16. 1. Cook RC,
    2. Lyons EE

    . 1983. The biology of Viola fimbriatula in a natural disturbance. Ecology 64:654–660.

    OpenUrl
17. 1. Culver DC,
    2. Beattie AJ

    . 1978. Myrmecochory in Viola: Dynamics of seed-ant interactions in some West Virginia species. Journal of Ecology 66:53–72.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
18. 1. Culver DC,
    2. Beattie AJ

    . 1980. The fate of Viola seeds dispersed by ants. American Journal of Botany 67:710–714.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
19. 1. Donohue K

    . 2002. Germination timing influences natural selection on life-history characters in Arabidopsis thaliana. Ecology 83:1006–1016.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
20. 1. Finkelstein R,
    2. Reeves W,
    3. Ariizumi T,
    4. Steber C

    . 2008. Molecular aspects of seed dormancy. Annual Review of Plant Biology 59:387–415.

    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMedWeb of Science
21. 1. Gehring JL

    . 2013. Personal communication. Peoria (IL): Bradley University. Associate Professor.
22. 1. Goedhart J,
    2. Warners D

    . 2007. Assessment of prairie pot transplants as a restoration tool. Michigan Botanist 46:110–117.

    OpenUrl
23. 1. Grime JP,
    2. Mason G,
    3. Curtis AV

    5 others. 1981. A comparative study of germination characteristics in a local flora. Journal of Ecology 69:1017–1059.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
24. 1. Heithaus ER

    . 1981. Seed predation by rodents on three ant-dispersed plants. Ecology 62:136–145.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
25. 1. [ITIS] Integrated Taxonomic Information System

    . 2013. Online database. URL: http://www.itis.gov (accessed 29 Sept 2013). Washington (DC): National Museum of Natural History.
26. 1. Kelly L,
    2. Debinski DM

    . 1998. Relationship of host plant density to size and abundance of the regal fritillary Speyeria idalia Drury (Nymphalidae). Journal of the Lepidopterists’ Society 52:262–276.

    OpenUrl
27. 1. Keyghobadi N,
    2. Unger KP,
    3. Weintraub JD,
    4. Fonseca DM

    . 2006. Remnant populations of the regal fritillary (Speyeria idalia) in Pennsylvania: local genetic structure in a high gene flow species. Conservation Genetics 7:309–313.

    OpenUrl
28. 1. Kopper BJ,
    2. Charlton RE,
    3. Margolies DC

    . 2000. Oviposition site selection by the regal fritillary, Speyeria idalia, as affected by proximity of vio let host plants. Journal of Insect Behavior 13:651–665.

    OpenUrl
29. 1. Lippitt LL,
    2. Fidelibus MW,
    3. Bainbridge DA

    . 1994. Native seed collection, processing, and storage for revegetation projects in the Western United States. Restoration Ecology 2:120–131.

    OpenUrl
30. 1. Lobstein MB,
    2. Rockwood LL

    . 1993. Influence of elaiosome removal on germination in five ant-dispersed plant species. Virginia Journal of Science 44:59–72.

    OpenUrl
31. 1. Molano-Flores B

    . 1999. Biological assessment: bird’s-foot violet, Viola pedata. Center for Biodiversity Technical Report 1999 (8). Champaign (IL): Illinois Natural History Survey.
32. 1. Moline HE,
    2. Kulik MM

    . 1997. Contamination and deterioration of alfalfa sprouts caused by seedborne isolate of Erwinia herbicola. Journal of Food Quality 20:53–60.

    OpenUrl
33. 1. Mouquet N,
    2. Belrose V,
    3. Thomas JA,
    4. Elmes GW,
    5. Clarke RT,
    6. Hochberg ME

    . 2005. Conserving community modules: a case study of the endangered lycaenid butterfly Maculinea alcon. Ecology 86:3160–3173.

    OpenUrl
34. 1. New TR

    . 1991. Butterfly conservation. Melbourne (AU): Oxford University Press. 224 p.
35. 1. Newell SJ,
    2. Solbrig OT,
    3. Kincaid DT

    . 1981. Studies on the population biology of the genus Viola: III. The demography of Viola blanda and Viola pallens. Journal of Ecology 69:997–1016.

    OpenUrl
36. 1. Nuzzo V

    . 1976. Propagation and planting of prairie forbs and grasses in southern Wisconsin. In: Glenn-Lewin DC, Landers RQ, chairs and editors. Conference proceedings of the 5th North American prairie conference; 1976 Aug 22–24; Ames, IA. Ames (IA): Iowa State University. p 182–189.
37. 1. O’Dell RB

    . 1996. Resource allocation to seeds in Viola pedata(birdfoot violet) under burning and clearing treatments [MSc thesis]. Kirksville (MO): Northeast Missouri State University. 47 p.
38. 1. Ohkawara K

    . 2005. Effect of timing of elaiosome removal on seed germination in the ant-dispersed plant, Erythronium japonicum (Liliaceae). Plant Species Biology 20:145–148.

    OpenUrl
39. 1. Ohkawara K,
    2. Higashi S

    . 1994. Relative importance of ballistic and ant dispersal in two diplochorous Viola species (Violaceae). Oecologia 100:135–140.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
40. 1. Ponzio KJ

    . 1998. Effects of various treatments on the germination of sawgrass, Cladium jamaicense Crantz, seeds. Wetlands 18:51–58.

    OpenUrl
41. 1. Powell AFLA,
    2. Busby WH,
    3. Kindscher K

    . 2007. Status of the regal fritillary (Speyeria idalia) and effects of fire management on its abundance in northeastern Kansas, USA. Journal of Insect Conservation 11:299–308.

    OpenUrl
42. 1. Prohens J,
    2. Soler S,
    3. Nuez F

    . 1999. The effects of thermotherapy and sodium hypochlorite treatments on pepino seed germination, a crucial step in breeding programmes. Annals of Applied Biology 134:299–305.

    OpenUrl
43. 1. Ries L,
    2. Debinski DM

    . 2001. Butterfly responses to habitat edges in the highly fragmented prairies of Central Iowa. Journal of Animal Ecology 70:840–852.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
44. 1. Schultz CB

    . 2001. Restoring resources for an endangered butterfly. Journal of Applied Ecology 38:1007–1019.

    OpenUrl
45. 1. Selby G

    . 2007. Regal Fritillary (Speyeria idalia Drury): a technical conservation assessment. URL: http://www.fs.fed.us/r2/projects/scp/assessments/regalfritillary.pdf (accessed 26 Jun 2013). Golden (CO): USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Region.
46. 1. Shepherd S,
    2. Debinski DM

    . 2005. Reintroduction of regal fritillary (Speyeria idalia) to a restored prairie. Ecological Restoration 23:244–250.

    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
47. 1. Steffen JF

    . 1997. Seed treatment and propagation methods. In: Packard S, Mutel CF, editors. The tallgrass restoration handbook. Washington (DC): Island Press. p 151–162.
48. 1. [USDA NRCS] USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service

    . 2013. The PLANTS database. URL: http://plants.usda.gov (accessed 26 Jun 2013). Greensboro (NC): National Plant Data Team.
49. 1. Thompson MJ

    . 2006. Bird’s foot violet (Viola pedata) optimal microhabitat characteristics in Ontario tallgrass prairie remnants [MSc thesis]. Montreal (QC): University of Quebec at Montreal. 57 p.
50. 1. Wenny DL,
    2. Dumroese RK

    . 1987. Germination of conifer seeds surface-sterilized with bleach. Tree Planters’ Notes 38(3):18–21.

    OpenUrl
51. 1. Williams BL

    . 2002. Conservation genetics, extinction, and taxonomic status: a case history of the regal fritillary. Conservation Biology 16:148–157.

    OpenUrl
52. 1. Yamauchi Y,
    2. Ogawa M,
    3. Kuwahara A,
    4. Hanada A,
    5. Kamiya Y,
    6. Yamaguchi S

    . 2004. Activation of gibberellin biosynthesis and response pathways by low temperature during imbibition of Arabidopsis thaliana seeds. Plant Cell 16:367–378.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
53. 1. Yang J,
    2. Lovett-Doust J,
    3. Lovett-Doust L

    . 1999. Seed germination patterns in green dragon (Arisaema dracontium, Araceae). American Journal of Botany 86:1160–1167.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
54. 1. Yano R,
    2. Kanno Y,
    3. Jikumaru Y,
    4. Nakabayashi K,
    5. Kamiya Y,
    6. Nambara E

    . 2009. CHOTTO1, a putative double APETALA2 repeat transcription factor, is involved in abscisic acid-mediated repression of gibberellin biosynthesis during seed germination in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiology 151:641–654.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
55. 1. Zar JH

    . 1996. Biostatistical analysis, 3rd edition. Upper Saddle River (NJ): Prentice Hall. 662 p plus appendices.