Restoration and plant species diversity of an Eastern prairie

REFERENCES

1. 1. Abrams MD,
   2. Hulbert LC

   1987. Effect of topographic position and fire on species composition in tallgrass prairie in northeast Kansas. American Midland Naturalist 117:442–445.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
2. 1. Barden LS

   1997. Historic prairies in the Piedmont of North and South Carolina, USA. Natural Areas Journal 17:149–152.

   OpenUrlWeb of Science
3. 1. Barden LS

   2000. A common species at the edge of its range: conservation of bear oak (Quercus ilicifolia) and its low elevation rocky summit community in North Carolina (USA). Natural Areas Journal 20:85–89.

   OpenUrl
4. 1. Beyer F

   1991. North Carolina: the years before man: a geological history. Durham (NC): Carolina Academic Press. 244 p.
5. 1. Biggs WC Jr.,
   2. Parnell JF

   1989. State parks of North Carolina. Winston-Salem (NC): John F Blair Publisher. 339 p.
6. 1. Bowles M,
   2. Apfelbaum S,
   3. Haney A,
   4. Lehnhardt S,
   5. Post T

   2011. Canopy cover and groundlayer vegetation dynamics in a fire managed eastern sand savanna. Forest Ecology and Management 262:1972–1982.

   OpenUrl
7. 1. Brandon AL,
   2. Gibson DJ,
   3. Middleton BA

   2004. Mechanisms for dominance in an early successional old field by the invasive non-native Lespedeza cuneata (Dum. Cours.) G. Don. Biological Invasions 6:483–493.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
8. 1. Chiarucci A,
   2. Wilson JB,
   3. Anderson BJ,
   4. De Dominicis V

   1999. Cover versus biomass as an estimate of species abundance: does it make a difference to the conclusions? Journal of Vegetation Science 10:35–42.

   OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
9. 1. Daves S

   2001. Vegetation composition trends for restored Piedmont prairies on Mecklenburg County nature preserve lands. Charlotte (NC): Mecklenburg County Division of Natural Resources. Unpublished report.
10. 1. Davis JE Jr.,
    2. McRae C,
    3. Estep BL,
    4. Barden LS,
    5. Matthews JF

    2002. Vascular flora of Piedmont prairies: evidence from several prairie remnants. Castanea 67:1–12.

    OpenUrl
11. 1. Estep B,
    2. McRae C

    1997. Prairie restoration and management plan: Suther Farm Prairie, Cabarrus County, North Carolina. Charlotte (NC): University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Unpublished report.
12. 1. Farris RL

    2006. Adaptation, biology, and control of sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata), an invasive species [PhD dissertation]. Stillwater (OK): Oklahoma State University.
13. 1. Farris RL,
    2. Murray DS

    2009. Control of seedling sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) with herbicides. Invasive Plant Science and Management 2:337–344.

    OpenUrl
14. 1. Foster BL

    2000. Competition at the population level along a standing crop gradient: a field experiment in successional grassland. Plant Ecology 151:171–180.

    OpenUrl
15. 1. Foster BL,
    2. Murphy CA,
    3. Keller KR,
    4. Aschenbach TA,
    5. Questad EJ,
    6. Kindscher K

    2007. Restoration of prairie community structure and ecosystem function in an abandoned hayfield: a sowing experiment. Restoration Ecology 15:652–661.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
16. 1. Gibson DJ,
    2. Hulbert LC

    1987. Effects of fire, topography and year-to-year climatic variation on species composition in tallgrass prairie. Vegetatio 72:175–185.

    OpenUrlWeb of Science
17. 1. Gustafson DJ,
    2. Gibson DJ,
    3. Nickrent DL

    2004. Competitive relationships of Andropogon gerardii (Big Bluestem) from remnant and restored native populations and select cultivated varieties. Functional Ecology 18:451–457.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
18. 1. Hartnett DC,
    2. Hickman KR,
    3. Walter LEF

    1996. Effects of bison grazing, fire, and topography on floristic diversity in tallgrass prairie. Journal of Range Management 49:413–420.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
19. 1. Havens K

    1998. The genetics of plant restoration: an overview and a surprise. Ecological Restoration 16:68–72.

    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
20. 1. Howe HF

    1999. Dominance, diversity and grazing in tallgrass restoration. Ecological Restoration 17:59–66.

    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
21. 1. Jones TA

    2003. The restoration gene pool concept: beyond the native versus non-native debate. Restoration Ecology 11:281–290.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
22. 1. Kindscher K

    1992. Rockefeller Prairie: a case study on the use of plant guild classification of a tallgrass prairie. In: Wickett RG, Lewis PD, Woodliffe A, Pratt P, editors. Proceedings of the 13th North American Prairie Conference: Spirit of the land: our prairie legacy. Windsor (ON): Department of Parks and Recreation. p 123–140.
23. 1. Kindscher K,
    2. Tieszen LL

    1998. Floristic and soil organic matter changes after five and thirty-five years of native tallgrass prairie restoration. Restoration Ecology 6:181–196.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
24. 1. Knapp EE,
    2. Rice KJ

    1994. Starting from seed: genetic issues in using native grasses for restoration. Ecological Restoration 12:40–45.

    OpenUrlFREE Full Text
25. 1. Leach MK,
    2. Givnish TJ

    1999. Gradients in the composition, structure, and diversity of remnant oak savannas in southern Wisconsin. Ecological Monographs 69:353–374.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
26. 1. Martin LM,
    2. Moloney KA,
    3. Wilsey BJ

    2005. An assessment of grassland restoration success using species diversity components. Journal of Applied Ecology 42:327–336.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
27. 1. Matthews CR,
    2. Howard JH

    1999. Genetic variation in the Federally Endangered Schweinitz’s sunflower, Helianthus schweinitzii T. & G. (Asteraceae). Castanea 64:231–242.

    OpenUrl
28. 1. McGraw RL,
    2. Hoveland CS

    1995. The Lespedezas. In Barnes RF, Miller DA, Nelson CJ, editors. Forages: an introduction to grassland agriculture. Vol. 1. Ames (IA): Iowa State University Press. p 261–271.

    OpenUrl
29. 1. North Carolina Natural Heritage Program

    . 2011. Division of Parks and Recreation. Raleigh (NC): North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources.
30. 1. Polley HW,
    2. Derner JD,
    3. Wilsey BJ

    2005. Patterns of plant species diversity in remnant and restored tallgrass prairies. Restoration Ecology 13:480–487.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
31. 1. SAS Institute

    2002. SAS statistical software, version 9.1. Cary (NC): SAS Institute.
32. 1. Schafale MP,
    2. Weakley AS

    1990. Classification of the natural communities of North Carolina. Third approximation. Raleigh (NC): North Carolina Natural Heritage Program. Division of Parks and Recreation. North Carolina Department of Environment, Health, and Natural Resources.
33. 1. Schmidt JM,
    2. Barnwell JA

    2002. A flora of the Rock Hill Blackjacks Heritage Preserve, York County, South Carolina. Castanea 67:247–279.

    OpenUrl
34. 1. Segelquist CA

    1971. Moistening and heating improve germination of two legume species. Journal of Range Management 24:393–394.

    OpenUrl
35. 1. Silletti A,
    2. Knapp A

    2002. Long-term responses of the grassland co-dominants Andropogon gerardii and Sorghastrum nutans to changes in climate and management. Plant Ecology 163:15–22.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
36. 1. Sluis WJ

    2002. Patterns of species richness and composition in recreated grassland. Restoration Ecology 10:677–684.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
37. 1. Tompkins RD

    2013. Prairie-relict communities of a Piedmont monadnock. Castanea. Forthcoming.
38. 1. Tompkins RD,
    2. Stucky JM

    2000. Microhabitat study of Lotus unifoliatus var. helleri: microdistribution, associated species, and potential effects of roadside mowing. Castanea 65:213–220.

    OpenUrl
39. 1. Tompkins RD,
    2. Luckenbaugh CM,
    3. Stringer WC,
    4. Richardson KH,
    5. Mikhailova EA,
    6. Bridges WC Jr.

    2010a. Suther Prairie: vascular flora, species richness, and edaphic factors. Castanea 75:232–244.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
40. 1. Tompkins RD,
    2. Stringer WC,
    3. Richardson K,
    4. Mikhailova EA,
    5. Bridges WC Jr.

    . 2010b. A newly documented and significant Piedmont prairie site with a Helianthus schweinitzii Torrey & A. Gray (Schweinitz’s Sunflower) population. Journal of the Torrey Botanical Society 137:120–129.

    OpenUrl
41. 1. Tompkins RD,
    2. Stringer WC,
    3. Richardson K,
    4. Mikhailova EA,
    5. Bridges WC Jr.

    2010c. Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii; Poaceae) communities in the Carolinas: composition and ecological factors. Rhodora 112:378–395.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science
42. 1. Tompkins RD,
    2. Stringer WC,
    3. Bridges WC Jr.

    2011. An outcrossing reciprocity study between remnant big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) populations in the Carolinas. Ecological Restoration 29:339–345.

    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
43. 1. Tompkins RD,
    2. Trapnell DW,
    3. Hamrick JL,
    4. Stringer WC

    2012. Genetic variation within and among remnant big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii; Poaceae) populations in the Carolinas. Southeastern Naturalist 11:455–468.

    OpenUrl
44. 1. Weakley AS

    2007. Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, Georgia, and the surrounding areas: working draft of January 2007. Chapel Hill (NC): University of North Carolina.
45. 1. Weiher E,
    2. Keddy PA

    1999. Relative abundance and evenness patterns along diversity and biomass gradients. Oikos 87:355–361.

    OpenUrlCrossRefWeb of Science